Mycorrhizal infection, phosphorus uptake, and phenology in Ranunculus adoneus: implications for the functioning of mycorrhizae in alpine systems

Mullen, Renée B.; Schmidt, Steven K.

doi:10.1007/bf00341321

Cited by 107 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…P-levels in the soil (45.9 mg kg À1 in the montane scrub compared to 9.5-11.5 mg kg À1 in the alpine communities) may be influencing the number of species in the montane community. There have been few reports of the occurrence of Scutellospora at high altitudes above 3,500 m (Mullen and Schmidt 1993). Species in Scutellospora were found in all three vegetation types (3,500-5,300 m) in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Occurrence and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species in three types of grassland community of the Tibetan Plateau

Gai

Christie

Cai

et al. 2009

Ecological Research

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal spore communities and distribution patterns were surveyed in montane scrub grassland, alpine steppe, and alpine meadow sites at altitudes ranging from 3,500 to 5,200 m a.s.l. on the Tibetan Plateau. Thirty-two representative soil samples were collected from the root zone of the dominant and common plant species in late May 2004. Twenty-three AM fungal species representing six genera (Acaulospora, Entrophospora, Glomus, Pacispora, Paraglomus, and Scutellospora) were detected and species richness varied from 5.3 ± 0.8 to 10.5 ± 2.5 per site. Some AM fungal species were restricted to one vegetation type and Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, and Scutellospora calospora were detected in all three vegetation types. Glomus species were found to be the most frequent and abundant in all three vegetation types. Acaulospora occurred mostly in the alpine steppe and alpine meadow. Scutellospora occurred mostly in montane scrub grassland. At the species level, Glomus mosseae was dominant in the montane scrub, Acaulospora laevis and Pacispora scintillans were dominant in the alpine steppe, and Acaulospora laevis, Pacispora scintillans, and Glomus claroideum dominated the alpine meadow. It was evident from the distribution pattern of AM fungi in the different vegetation types that the abundance and diversity of AM fungal species were lowest in the montane scrub grassland than the other two plant communities. Climatic conditions, especially temperatures, and intensity of land use may be the most important factors influencing the AM fungal community.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Occurrence and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species in three types of grassland community of the Tibetan Plateau

Gai

Christie

Cai

et al. 2009

Ecological Research

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“…A similar uncoupling of phosphorus uptake growth respiration cost associated with root and and demand has been suggested in an alpine herb, mycorrhizal growth during this period. Considering Ranunculus adoneus, which also has a very short that the length of the cold treatment was 4 months, growth period (Mullen & Schmidt, 1993). In the root and corm activity did not aflFect the corm Hyacinthoides non-scripta, phosphorus accumulation biomass to a great extent.…”

Section: Effects Of the Presence Of Mycorrhizas On Plant Growth Undermentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This is probably the case in growth rate. It is also possible that E. americanum E. americanum because root growth is very limited plants accumulated P rather than using it for during the active growth period (Muller, 1978; immediate growth (Koide et al, 1988;Mullen & Brundrett & Kendrick, 1990) and respiration is thus Schmidt, 1993). The presence of mycorrhizas signifi-limited to maintenance activities of the roots and cantly increased the annual growth rate at all P possibly, extra-radical mycelium growth into the soil levels.…”

Section: Effects Of the Presence Of Mycorrhizas On Plant Growth Undermentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs and benefits of mycorrhizal infection in a spring ephemeral, Erythronium americanum

Lapointe

Molard

1997

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYSpring ephemerals have evolved specific growth strategies that take advantage of the high photon Huence rates of early spring. These strategies involve a sequential growth of different organs. Erythronium americanum (KerGawl), a common spring ephemeral of northern maple forests, produces its roots in the autumn, although stems and leaves develop in the spring. Mycorrhizal infection of the root system occurs very rapidly and intensively. The fungi thus depend on carbohydrate reserves accumulated in the eorm (underground reserve organ) for their growth and development through the winter. We found that the presence of mycorrhizas drastically decreases root growth during the cold period and is more costly of carbohydrate reserves than root growth alone. However, during the spring, the presence of mycorrhizas fully benefits the plant: we measured an annual growth rate of mycorrhizal plants twice that of fungicide-treated plants which were non-mycorrhizal. We suspect that E. americanum is highly susceptible to water stress during the growing season and might rely on its mycorrhizas for water supply to a greater extent than for nutrient supply. Nutrient uptake might occur mainly in the autumn when arbuscules are at their most abundant.

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“…Root growth is required for mycorrhizal formation Hepper (1985) ; Chilvers & Gust (1982) Nutrient uptake is synchronised with mycorrhizal formation and soil hyphal activity Bethlenfalvay et al (1982) ; ; Mullen & Schmidt (1993) ; Merryweather & Fitter (1995) ; Lussenhop & Fogel (1999) ;Wallander et al (2001) * See text for further explanation.…”

Section: Synchronised Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations

2004

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Most mycorrhizas are ' balanced ' mutualistic associations in which the fungus and plant exchange commodities required for their growth and survival. Myco-heterotrophic plants have 'exploitative ' mycorrhizas where transfer processes apparently benefit only plants. Exploitative associations are symbiotic (in the broad sense), but are not mutualistic. A new definition of mycorrhizas that encompasses all types of these associations while excluding other plant-fungus interactions is provided. This definition recognises the importance of nutrient transfer at an interface resulting from synchronised plant-fungus development. The diversity of interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and plants is considered. Mycorrhizal fungi also function as endophytes, necrotrophs and antagonists of host or non-host plants, with roles that vary during the lifespan of their associations. It is recommended that mycorrhizal associations are defined and classified primarily by anatomical criteria regulated by the host plant. A revised classification scheme for types and categories of mycorrhizal associations defined by these criteria is proposed. The main categories of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal associations (VAM) are 'linear' or 'coiling ', and of ectomycorrhizal associations (ECM) are ' epidermal ' or 'cortical '. Subcategories of coiling VAM and epidermal ECM occur in certain host plants. Fungus-controlled features result in ' morphotypes ' within categories of VAM and ECM. Arbutoid and monotropoid associations should be considered subcategories of epidermal ECM and ectendomycorrhizas should be relegated to an ECM morphotype. Both arbuscules and vesicles define mycorrhizas formed by glomeromycotan fungi. A new classification scheme for categories, subcategories and morphotypes of mycorrhizal associations is provided.

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Mycorrhizal infection, phosphorus uptake, and phenology in Ranunculus adoneus: implications for the functioning of mycorrhizae in alpine systems

Cited by 107 publications

References 44 publications

Occurrence and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species in three types of grassland community of the Tibetan Plateau

Occurrence and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species in three types of grassland community of the Tibetan Plateau

Costs and benefits of mycorrhizal infection in a spring ephemeral, Erythronium americanum

Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations

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