Mycorrizosphere: Interaction Between Rhizosphere Microflora and Vam Fungi

Bansal, Manju; Chamola, B. P.; Sarwar, Nighat; Mukerji, K. G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4265-0_10

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Many researchers have reported additive effects on plant growth by AMF and PGPR (Edwards et al, 1998;Galleguillos et al, 2000;Gamalero et al, 2003) but the mechanisms by which MHB and PGPR stimulate AM colonization are still poorly understood (Barea et al, 1997). Various hypotheses have been suggested which include physical, chemical, physiological, and even direct stimulatory or antagonistic relations between AMF and other mycorrhizosphere microbes (Bansal et al, 2002). AM and PGPR symbioses not only induce physiological changes in the associated plant, but also modify the morphological architecture of the roots such as total root length and root tip numbers (Atkinson et al, 1994).…”

Section: Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizoremediation—An enhanced form of phytoremediation

Khan

2006

J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. B

144

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Study of plant roots and the diversity of soil micro biota, such as bacteria, fungi and microfauna associated with them, is important for understanding the ecological complexities between diverse plants, microbes, soil and climates and their role in phytoremediation of contaminated soils. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are universal and ubiquitous rhizosphere microflora forming symbiosis with plant roots and acting as biofertilizers, bioprotactants, and biodegraders. In addition to AMF, soils also contain various antagonistic and beneficial bacteria such as root pathogens, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria including free-living and symbiotic N-fixers, and mycorrhiza helping bacteria. Their potential role in phytoremediation of heavy metal (HM) contaminated soils and water is becoming evident although there is need to completely understand the ecological complexities of the plant-microbe-soil interactions and their better exploitation as consortia in remediation strategies employed for contaminated soils. These multitrophic root microbial associations deserve multi-disciplinary investigations using molecular, biochemical, and physiological techniques. Ecosystem restoration of heavy metal contaminated soils practices need to incorporate microbial biotechnology research and development. This review highlights the ecological complexity and diversity of plant-microbe-soil combinations, particularly AM and provides an overview on the recent developments in this area. It also discusses the role AMF play in phytorestoration of HM contaminated soils, i.e. mycorrhizoremediation.

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Section: Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizoremediation—An enhanced form of phytoremediation

Khan

2006

J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. B

144

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“…Ainsi, la mycorhization affecte directement la quantité et la qualité des exsudats racinaires, ce qui entraîne une réorganisation de la microflore de la rhizosphère, le tout tributaire des espèces fongiques et végétales en symbiose, de la maturation des plantes, de leur degré de mycorhization et des conditions environnantes (Bansal et al 2000;Marschner et al 2004;Meyer et Linderman 1986). L'activité mycorhizienne se traduit généralement par une augmentation de la diversité et de l'abondance des microorganismes du sol, notamment parmi les antagonistes de parasites (Linderman 2000;Secilia et Bagyaraj 1987;Thomas et al 1994).…”

Section: Microflore Du Solunclassified

Les mycorhizes : un outil de protection des plantes mais non une panacée

Dalpé

2005

phyto

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Les mycorhizes arbusculaires constituent la symbiose végétale la plus répandue à l’échelle planétaire. Les champignons concernés, regroupés dans le phylum Glomeromycota et distribués sur l’ensemble des écosystèmes, colonisent la majorité des plantes terrestres. Aux avantages bien connus des mycorhizes sur la croissance végétale, s’ajoutent plusieurs bénéfices, notamment pour la survie des plantes, leur biodiversité, l’impact sur la microflore du sol et le potentiel d’agent de réduction des stress tant abiotiques que biotiques. Devant une telle panoplie d’avantages pour les plantes et l’environnement, on pourrait croire que les mycorhizes représentent une panacée à plusieurs problèmes liés à la production et à la protection des végétaux. Le complexe « plante-mycorhize-parasite-environnement » constitue la norme à maintenir ou à retrouver pour assurer la durabilité de l’environnement. Le fonctionnement des mycorhizes comme agent de lutte biologique touche globalement cinq mécanismes d’interaction. Certains concernent directement la plante, soit : 1) une stimulation de croissance par le biais d’un apport nutritif accru et une meilleure santé végétale, 2) une transformation morphologique au niveau racinaire, 3) l’induction ou la suppression de mécanismes de défense, notamment ceux impliquant plusieurs enzymes. D’autres agissent sur le parasite : 4) via une compétition directe avec les champignons mycorhiziens liée à la disponibilité de nutriments et de sites d’infection, et sur la structure et la qualité du sol, par le biais d’une 5) modification de la microflore et de l’augmentation du taux de matière organique.

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“…MHB may enhance formation and establishment of mycorrhiza, the association between plant roots and AMF (Allen ; Smith and Read ), via diverse mechanisms such as producing substances/nutrients that stimulate AMF and/or modify root exudates and/or stimulate the host to produce substances enhancing mycorrhiza formation (Fitter and Garbaye ; Bansal et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelated effects of mycorrhiza and free‐living nitrogen fixers cascade up to aboveground herbivores

Khaitov

Patiño-Ruiz

Piña

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Aboveground plant performance is strongly influenced by belowground microorganisms, some of which are pathogenic and have negative effects, while others, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, usually have positive effects. Recent research revealed that belowground interactions between plants and functionally distinct groups of microorganisms cascade up to aboveground plant associates such as herbivores and their natural enemies. However, while functionally distinct belowground microorganisms commonly co-occur in the rhizosphere, their combined effects, and relative contributions, respectively, on performance of aboveground plant-associated organisms are virtually unexplored. Here, we scrutinized and disentangled the effects of free-living nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic) bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum (DB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae (AMF) on host plant choice and reproduction of the herbivorous two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on common bean plants Phaseolus vulgaris. Additionally, we assessed plant growth, and AMF and DB occurrence and density as affected by each other. Both AMF alone and DB alone increased spider mite reproduction to similar levels, as compared to the control, and exerted additive effects under co-occurrence. These effects were similarly apparent in host plant choice, that is, the mites preferred leaves from plants with both AMF and DB to plants with AMF or DB to plants grown without AMF and DB. DB, which also act as AMF helper bacteria, enhanced root colonization by AMF, whereas AMF did not affect DB abundance. AMF but not DB increased growth of reproductive plant tissue and seed production, respectively. Both AMF and DB increased the biomass of vegetative aboveground plant tissue. Our study breaks new ground in multitrophic belowground–aboveground research by providing first insights into the fitness implications of plant-mediated interactions between interrelated belowground fungi–bacteria and aboveground herbivores.

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Mycorrizosphere: Interaction Between Rhizosphere Microflora and Vam Fungi

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Mycorrhizoremediation—An enhanced form of phytoremediation

Mycorrhizoremediation—An enhanced form of phytoremediation

Les mycorhizes : un outil de protection des plantes mais non une panacée

Interrelated effects of mycorrhiza and free‐living nitrogen fixers cascade up to aboveground herbivores

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