Mycotoxins: Their implications for human and animal health

Fink‐Gremmels, Johanna

doi:10.1080/01652176.1999.9695005

Cited by 256 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

116

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…During storage, onion bulbs can be affected by rot, caused by different pathogens belonging to genera Aspergillus, Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Erwinia, Fusarium, Lactobacillus, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Rhizopus, causing economic loss and being harmful for human health due to production of pathogen toxins (Fink-Grernmels 1999). The chemical control can be achieved by using the following active ingredients: mancozeb, carbendazim, benomyl, bronopol, salicylic acid, and sulphur.…”

Section: Bulb Storabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among genotype, environment and agronomic practices on production and quality of storage onion (Allium cepa L.) - A review

Sękara¹,

Pokluda²,

Vacchio³

et al. 2017

Hortic. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sekara A., Pokluda R., Del Vacchio L., Somma S., Caruso G. (2017) The aim of this review is a wide description of the relationships between growing conditions and bulb yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.), focused particularly on long-day cultivars suitable for storage. Marketable yield decreases according to the reduction of crop length caused by the increase of growth temperature. The nutritive requirements of storage onion are highest during the vegetative growth. The application of humic substances and the inoculation of mycorrhizae may enhance bulb growth and quality, mainly under stress conditions. Onion is a slow-growth, shallowrooted crop with non-shading habitus and therefore its productivity is highly dependent on water availability in the soil, proper fertilization and weed control. The shelf-life of onion bulbs is a genetic trait, improvable by efficient crop and post-harvest management, and adequate conditions of bulb storage. The quality of storage onion bulbs is ascribed to several indicators, such as thiosulfonates, pyruvic acid, soluble solids, sugars, and many other biological compounds. This review is also focused on onion quality as affected by the interactions among genotype, environment, farming practices and post-harvest management.

show abstract

Section: Bulb Storabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among genotype, environment and agronomic practices on production and quality of storage onion (Allium cepa L.) - A review

Sękara¹,

Pokluda²,

Vacchio³

et al. 2017

Hortic. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Aflatoxins are toxic compounds that are produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. These fungi are known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive 2,3 . In the aflatoxin group, approximately 16 compounds are known; however, only aflatoxin B 1 , B 2 , G 1 , G 2 and M 1 are routinely monitored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Various Mycotoxin Concentrations in the Feedstuffs and Feed Produced by A Feed Manufacturer in Turkey

Oruç¹,

Sorucu²,

Turkmen³

et al. 2012

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), T-2 toxin, fumonisin, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) levels in various feedstuffs (local and imported feed materials) and feed produced in a feed manufacturer. In addition, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels were determined in raw cow milks (n = 24) collected from 10 certain dairy cattle farms. The samples consisted of dairy cattle (n = 26), fattening (n = 4), and calf starter (n = 4) feed, as well as feedstuffs (n = 40). All of the samples were analysed by ELISA. In the analysed samples, the incidence of AFB1, AFM1 and T-2 toxins, fumonisin, DON and ZEN were 100%, 80%, 75% and 33%, respectively. The results of this study in feedstuffs and feed revealed that the mycotoxin levels were lower than the mycotoxin limits of the European Union (EU) and Turkey. In previous studies, high concentrations of mycotoxins, especially AFB1 and AFM1, were identified in feedstuffs, feeds and milk in Turkey. In contrast, the mycotoxin levels in the current study were lower than that from the previous studies. The mycotoxin concentrations in imported feed materials (except fumonisin) were lower than those in feed materials obtained from Turkey. The results of this study indicate that the mean mycotoxin levels in feedstuff and feeds do not cause toxic effects in animals, and humans for AFM1. Keywords: Feedstuffs, Feed, Feed manufacturer, Mycotoxin levels, Multiple mycotoxin Bir Yem Fabrikası Tarafından Türkiye'de Üretilen Yem ve Yem Hammaddelerinde Çeşitli Mikotoksinlerin Miktarlarının Belirlenmesi ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı bir yem fabrikası tarafından üretilen yemlerde ve çeşitli yem hammaddelerinde (yerli ve ithal) aflatoksin B1 (AFB1), T-2 toksin, fumonisin, deoksinivalenol (DON) ve zearalenone (ZEN) düzeylerinin belirlenmesidir. Ayrıca, seçilen 10 farklı süt işletmesinden toplanan inek sütlerinde (n = 24) aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) miktarlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Numuneler, süt yemi (n = 26), besi yemi (n = 4) ve buzağı başlangıç yemi (n = 4), ile yem hammaddelerinden (n = 40) oluşmaktadır. Mikotoksin miktarları ELISA ile analiz edildi. Mikotoksinlerin tespit edilme oranı AFB1, AFM1 ve T-2 toksin, fumonisin, DON ve ZEN için sırasıyla %100, %80, %75 ve %33'tür. Yem ve yem hammaddelerinde bulduğumuz mikotoksin miktarlarının Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği'nde uygulanan limitlerin altında olduğu görüldü. Türkiye'de süt, yem ve yem hammaddelerinde daha önce yapılan çalışmalarda özellikle AFB1 ve AFM1 limitlerin üzerinde tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları benzer olan önceki çalışmaların sonuçlarının aksine daha düşüktür. İthal yem hammaddeleri Türkiye'den sağlanan yem hammaddelerinden (fumonisin hariç) daha düşük miktarlarda mikotoksin içermektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, yem ve hammaddelerindeki ortalama mikotoksin düzeylerinin hayvan sağlığı; sütlerdeki AFM1 miktarlarının da insan sağlığı açısından toksik bir etkiye neden olamayacağı görüldü.

show abstract

“…Their occurrence in food, beverages and feed has been recognized as potential threat to humans and animals, either by direct contamination of plant materials or products thereof (Fink-Gremmels 1999), or by "carry over" of mycotoxins and their metabolites into animal tissues, milk and eggs after intake of contaminated feed (Galtier 1998;Fink-Gremmels 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%