Myofibers

Crețoiu, Dragoș; Pavelescu, Luciana; Duica, Florentina; Radu, Mihaela; Suciu, Nicolae; Creţoiu, Sanda Maria

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_2

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Human skeletal muscle consists of 2 main fiber types (slow and fast) and is classified into 3 subtypes of myofibers: type I (slow-oxidative and fatigue-resistant in low-intensity prolonged activity), type IIa (fast-oxidative and relatively fatigue-resistant), and type IIb or IIx (fast-glycolytic, functional in rapid and high-intensity movements, and are fatigue-susceptible). 36,37 Myofibers are organized in motor units, and each motor unit consists of a myofiber and its alpha motoneuron innervation. 38 Satellite cells are the skeletal muscle somatic stem cells responsible for muscle repair and regeneration (myogenesis).…”

Section: Structural Changes Of Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases

Damluji

Alfaraidhy

Alhajri³

et al. 2023

Circulation

146

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Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which is often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Sarcopenia is associated with faster progression of cardiovascular diseases and higher risk of mortality, falls, and reduced quality of life, particularly among older adults. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms are complex, the broad underlying cause of sarcopenia includes an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic muscle homeostasis with or without neuronal degeneration. The intrinsic molecular mechanisms of aging, chronic illness, malnutrition, and immobility are associated with the development of sarcopenia. Screening and testing for sarcopenia may be particularly important among those with chronic disease states. Early recognition of sarcopenia is important because it can provide an opportunity for interventions to reverse or delay the progression of muscle disorder, which may ultimately impact cardiovascular outcomes. Relying on body mass index is not useful for screening because many patients will have sarcopenic obesity, a particularly important phenotype among older cardiac patients. In this review, we aimed to: (1) provide a definition of sarcopenia within the context of muscle wasting disorders; (2) summarize the associations between sarcopenia and different cardiovascular diseases; (3) highlight an approach for a diagnostic evaluation; (4) discuss management strategies for sarcopenia; and (5) outline key gaps in knowledge with implications for the future of the field.

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Section: Structural Changes Of Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases

Damluji

Alfaraidhy

Alhajri³

et al. 2023

Circulation

146

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“…As a result, muscle function is reduced until the muscle recovers from injury (Lu et al, 2011; Jarvinen et al, 2013; Souza and Gottfried, 2013; Wall et al, 2015; Hardy et al, 2016). After acute muscle injury, many cell types within the skeletal muscle microenvironment must respond sequentially to mitigate damage and regenerate myofibers, the cell type responsible for muscle contraction (Bentzinger et al, 2013; Juban and Chazaud, 2017; Tidball, 2017; Cretoiu et al, 2018). Myeloid immune cell infiltration peaks at 2–3 days post-injury in mice to remove cellular debris resulting from damaged myofibers (Bentzinger et al, 2013; Juban and Chazaud, 2017; Tidball, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Signaling Contributes to Normal Muscle Repair After Acute Injury

et al. 2019

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Acute skeletal muscle injury is followed by a temporal response of immune cells, fibroblasts, and muscle progenitor cells within the muscle microenvironment to restore function. These same cell types are repeatedly activated in muscular dystrophy from chronic muscle injury, but eventually, the regenerative portion of the cycle is disrupted and fibrosis replaces degenerated muscle fibers. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist drugs have been demonstrated to increase skeletal muscle function, decrease fibrosis, and directly improve membrane integrity in muscular dystrophy mice, and therefore are being tested clinically. Conditional knockout of MR from muscle fibers in muscular dystrophy mice also improves skeletal muscle function and decreases fibrosis. The mechanism of efficacy likely results from blocking MR signaling by its endogenous agonist aldosterone, being produced at high local levels in regions of muscle damage by infiltrating myeloid cells. Since chronic and acute injuries share the same cellular processes to regenerate muscle, and MR antagonists are clinically used for a wide variety of conditions, it is crucial to define the role of MR signaling in normal muscle repair after injury. In this study, we performed acute injuries using barium chloride injections into tibialis anterior muscles both in myofiber MR conditional knockout mice on a wild-type background (MRcko) and in MR antagonist-treated wild-type mice. Steps of the muscle regeneration response were analyzed at 1, 4, 7, or 14 days after injury. Presence of the aldosterone synthase enzyme was also assessed during the injury repair process. We show for the first time aldosterone synthase localization in infiltrating immune cells of normal skeletal muscle after acute injury. MRcko mice had an increased muscle area infiltrated by aldosterone synthase positive myeloid cells compared to control injured animals. Both MRcko and MR antagonist treatment stabilized damaged myofibers and increased collagen infiltration or compaction at 4 days post-injury. MR antagonist treatment also led to reduced myofiber size at 7 and 14 days post-injury. These data support that MR signaling contributes to the normal muscle repair process following acute injury. MR antagonist treatment delays muscle fiber growth, so temporary discontinuation of these drugs after a severe muscle injury could be considered.

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“…The basic structural unit of skeletal muscle is muscle fibre, also termed myofiber. 15 From a macroscopic point of view, in most fishes, muscle fibre types are topographically separated into discrete layers (classified as fast-twitch white muscle, slow-twitch red muscle, and intermediate-twitch pink muscle). 14 Among them, white muscles account for above 80% of the entire muscle mass and serve as experimental samples for most fish texture research.…”

Section: Muscle Fibrementioning

confidence: 99%

The flesh texture of teleost fish: Characteristics and interventional strategies

Wang,

Qiao,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Reviews in Aquaculture

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With the growing demand of consumers for high‐quality aquatic products, controlling the harvest quality of farmed fish is becoming increasingly important in aquaculture industry. The texture is a sensory property that covers a group of attributes, such as firmness, tenderness, chewiness, adhesiveness, resilience, etc., which greatly determine consumers' perception and satisfaction for flesh products. Regarding texture quality, extensive research has been conducted in recent decades based on its related theories, influencing factors, and intervention strategies. However, the information available is largely scattered and disjointed. Essentially, flesh texture is mainly determined by the collective contribution of three major muscle components: muscle fibres, intramuscular connective tissue, and intramuscular fat. Therefore, changing these components in living animals through nutritional and management factors has the potential to modulate texture quality. Here, we briefly introduced the features and development of the three muscle components mentioned above, particularly their potential contributions to texture quality of fish flesh. Exciting promises to manipulate flesh texture through dietary intervention, feed restriction, and exercise training were also discussed. To ensure their applications in large‐scale aquaculture facilities, specific considerations of these regimens should be incorporated in experimental design parameters, including the species and age of fish, research system, experiment duration, and exercise intensity. Finally, the existing challenges and limitations of fish texture studies were presented, along with some viewpoints about current work and future directions of this field.

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Myofibers

Cited by 22 publications

References 60 publications

Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases

Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Signaling Contributes to Normal Muscle Repair After Acute Injury

The flesh texture of teleost fish: Characteristics and interventional strategies

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