Myroides pelagicus sp. nov., isolated from seawater in Thailand

Abstract

An aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile, yellow-to-orange pigmented and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain SM1T , was isolated from seawater in Thailand and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolate shared 93-95 % sequence similarity with species of the genus Myroides. The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain SM1 T with Myroides odoratimimus JCM 7460 T andMyroides odoratus JCM 7458 T were below 70 %. The DNA G+C content of strain SM1 T was 33?6 mol%, the major menaquinone was MK-6 and the major fatty acids were C 15 : 0 iso, C 17 : 1 v9c iso and C 17 : 0 iso 3-OH. Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SM1 T was classified as representing a novel species of the genus Myroides, for which the name Myroides pelagicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SM1 T (=IAM 15337 T =KCTC 12661 T ).The genus Myroides was established by the reclassification of Flavobacterium odoratum as Myroides odoratus, the type species, on the basis of genomic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic studies (Vancanneyt et al., 1996). Myroides odoratimimus was also described in the report. Currently, the genus Myroides comprises only these two species, both of which originated from clinical sources (Holmes et al., 1977). Strain SM1 T was obtained during the isolation of crude oilutilizing and -emulsifying bacteria from seawater (Maneerat et al., 2005). Strain SM1T and the two species of the genus Myroides were found to produce surface-active compounds in marine broth, which were identified as cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and their conjugates with glycine. These findings led to the first report indicating that bile acids can be produced by prokaryotic cells (Maneerat et al., 2005). In the present study, we attempted to elucidate the phylogenetic position of strain SM1T using a polyphasic taxonomic approach, including 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, fatty acid content analysis, quinone analysis and genotypic (G+C content of DNA, DNA-DNA hybridization) and physiological comparisons. Based on these data, it is proposed that strain SM1T represents a novel species in the genus Myroides.Temperature range and pH range for growth were determined by incubating in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium (Atlas, 2004). Cell morphology was observed by microscopy (BX60; Olympus). Growth under anaerobic conditions was determined after 2 weeks incubation in an AnaeroPack (Mitsubishi Gas). Catalase activity was determined by bubble formation in 3 % H 2 O 2 solution. Oxidase activity was determined by cytochrome oxidase paper (Nissui Pharmaceutical). API 20E and API ZYM strips (bioMérieux) were used to determine physiological and biochemical characteristics. API 20E and API ZYM were read after 48 h incubation at 28 u C and 4 h incubation at 37 u C, respectively. The nutritional features of strain SM1T and M. odoratimimus JCM 7460 T and M. odoratus JCM 7458 T were determined using Biolog MicroPlates. The strains were grown on BUG medium (Biolog, supplemented ...

Myroides guanonis sp. nov., isolated from prehistoric paintings

“…The observed phylogenetic distance in the genus Myroides varied over a wide range, from 99.2 % between M. profundi and M. odoratimimus (Zhang et al, 2008), to 93.8 % between M. pelagicus and M. odoratus (Yoon et al, 2006). The next closest neighbours of the new isolate after species of the genus Myroides were all species of the genus Flavobacterium, a fact already reported by other authors (Yoon et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2008;Cho et al, 2011).…”

“…(Yoon et al, 2006); 3, M. odoratus LMG 1233 T (Vancanneyt et al, 1996); 4, M. odoratimimus LMG 4029 T (Vancanneyt et al, 1996); 5, M. profundi D25 T (Zhang et al, 2008); 6, M. marinus JS-08 T (Cho et al, 2011); 7, M. phaeus MY15 T (Yan et al, 2012) +, Positive; W, weakly positive; 2, negative; ND, no data available. Gliding motility 2 2 2 2 2 * 2 + pH range (optimum) 7.0-9.5 (7.5) 5-9 (ND) 6-9 (ND) 6-9 (ND) 5-9 (6-7) 5-9 (6-7) 5-10 (8) Temperature range, u C (optimum) 5-35 (30) 10-37 (ND) 18-37 (ND) 18-37 (ND) 8-42 (30-35)* 10-37 (30) 6-37 (28) NaCl range, % (optimum) et al (2012) proposed an emended description of M. profundi that included gliding motility, growth with 0-6 % NaCl and at 6-42 u C. DTests performed only by Polymicrotest E20.…”

Antibacterial activities of multi drug resistant Myroides odoratimimus bacteria isolated from adult flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) are independent of metallo beta-lactamase gene

“…Nutritional parameters of strain FFA2 was determined by using BIOLOG-GN microplates as described in Yoon et al, 2006. The protocols were followed as per manufacturers' instructions.…”

“…are aerobic, yellowpigmented, Gram-negative rods that grow at both room temperature and 37ºC. They are habitat-specific organisms, like other members of the Flavobacteriaceae family, and are found in wet environments (12), insect guts (31) and sea water (19,37). Strains of M. odoratus and M. odoratimimus are sources of nosocomial infections in humans and behave like low-grade opportunistic pathogens.…”

Antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Myroides sp.

“…nov. (Cho et al, 2011), strain SM1(T), named M. pelagicus sp. nov. (Yoon et al, 2006)), deep-sea sediment (strain D25T (Zhang et al, 2008)), human saliva (strain MY15T, named M. phaeus sp. nov. (Yan et al, 2012)), as well as strains from urine, sputum, surgical exudate (Andreoni, 1986), and patients' matter (Table 1).…”