N-Acetylglucosamine Production by Repeated-Batch Fermentation Using Immobilized Semi-Purified Chitinase Enzyme on Agar

Abstract

Chitinolytic mold, such as Mucor circinelloidesis can be utilized to produce chitinase enzyme for shrimp shell’s chitin hydrolysis into N-acetylglucosamine (NAG). For that purpose, entrapment of chitinase on agar as a carrier could be an alternative way to improve NAG production. This study aimed to investigate the stability of immobilized semi-purified chitinase on agar for multiple cycles fermentation to produce NAG. In this study, 0.6 mL of semi-purified chitinase enzyme was immobilized into 3% of agar matrices and tested for four fermentation cycles to obtain highest NAG concentration and good enzyme activity. The results indicate that the immobilized chitinase could be used for 6 hours fermentation or three fermentation cycles. The NAG concentration produced after three cycle were 1042.22 ± 16.20 ppm. Besides, the immobilized enzyme was considerably stable up to the third cycles with activity value of about 4.74 U/mL.Keywords: agar; immobilized;NAG; repeated fermentation

Development of Acid-Base Titration Practicum Guide Using Natural Indicators of Butterfly Pea Flowers

“…The results of this experiment, supported by research conducted by (Fitri & Fikroh, 2021) stated that the indicator for butterfly pea flower extract can be used as a substitute indicator phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicator. The color change in butterfly pea flower extract is caused by the presence of anthocyanin compounds whose structure changes back and forth depending on the pH of its environment (Soedirga et al, 2023).…”

“…(Fitri & Fikroh, 2021) conclude that the butterfly pea flower extract indicator can be used as a substitute for the phellophthalein indicator and the methyl orange indicator. Butterfly pea flower is one of the edible flowers so its use as an acid-base indicator is safer, cheaper and does not pollute the environment (Soedirga et al, 2023). In this paper, researchers want to develop a practicum guidance for acid-base titrations using butterfly pea flower as natural indicator that are safe for students and also environmentally friendly.…”