N Deprivation in Maize During Grain‐Filling. II. Remobilization of 15N and 35S and the Relationship between N and S Accumulation1

Friedrich, J. W.; Schrader, L. E.

doi:10.2134/agronj1979.00021962007100030021x

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The changes in stalk carbohydrates and reduced nitrogen during stalk elongation show the stalk serves as a storage reservoir and these reserves are remobilized during the final stage of kernel development (1,3). However, translocation ofC and N have been often considered independently (11,13), even though metabolism of C and N are closely linked (3). Sucrose transfer from vegetative parts to the ear is linked to zein accumulation in maize kernels (21).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Plant Culture And Labeling Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

C and N Mobilization from Stalk and Leaves during Kernel Filling by ¹³C and ¹⁵N Tracing in Zea mays L.

Cliquet

Deléens²,

Mariotti³

1990

Plant Physiol.

101

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The sink capacity of the stalk in Zea mays L. (cv DEA) during the elongation period was previously investigated with 13C and 15N tracing. The chase experiment described here demonstrates the different behavior of intermediary reserves for C and N remobilization until full maturity of the kernels. Carbon incorporated during stalk elongation participated mainly in cellulose formation in vegetative organs appearing after the labeling period; the remobilization to kernels was low (0.5%). Soluble carbohydrates and proteins were the main intermediary sink compounds, starch being little remobilized. N first incorporated in roots, sheaths, stalk, blades was translocated to the kernel; 42% of the labeled N were recovered in kernels where they represented 8% of the total N. Cob, husk, and shank acted first as N sinks and then as N sources during ear development. It appeared that aminoacids used for synthesis of kemel proteins have a common origin, except for glutelin G3.vegetative parts for the development of the ear and to point out use of intermediary reserves of the stalk for kernel filling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Culture and Labeling ExperimentMaize plants (Zea mays L., cv Dea) were grown in a greenhouse for 45 d. Control plants were maintained in the greenhouse while 15 other plants were put in a climatic chamber to assimilate '3C02 (1.2889 13C atom %) at 450 ppm in a controlled atmosphere and '5N-nitrates (1.9643 '5N atom %) in the nutrient solution (4), for an 8-d exposure. After the labeling, 3 plants were harvested and the 12 remaining plants continued their development in the greenhouse under previous conditions. The whole experimental procedure is detailed further in a previous paper (4). The use of stable isotope labeling at the natural abundance range and its use for estimation ofthe long-term partitioning was described previously (8, 9).The contribution of C and N reserves accumulated in the shoot to the ear growth is an important factor in crop yield (12,22). In maize, redistribution of carbon and nitrogen reserves from the senescent leaves to the kernel has already been reported (6,10

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Section: Materials and Methods Plant Culture And Labeling Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

C and N Mobilization from Stalk and Leaves during Kernel Filling by ¹³C and ¹⁵N Tracing in Zea mays L.

Cliquet

Deléens²,

Mariotti³

1990

Plant Physiol.

101

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“…In maize, studies reported an early remobilization of N from the stem before the leaf lamina (Beauchamp et al. , Friedrich and Schrader ). Thus, high stem N remobilization efficiency would potentially favour high NUtE through delayed senescence of the leaf lamina.…”

Section: Traits Influencing N Utilization Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for increased nitrogen‐use efficiency: a review for wheat (T. aestivum L.)

et al. 2016

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Nitrogen fertilizer is the most used nutrient source in modern agriculture and represents significant environmental and production costs. In the meantime, the demand for grain increases and production per area has to increase as new cultivated areas are scarce. In this context, breeding for an efficient use of nitrogen became a major objective. In wheat, nitrogen is required to maintain a photosynthetically active canopy ensuring grain yield and to produce grain storage proteins that are generally needed to maintain a high end-use quality. This review presents current knowledge of physiological, metabolic and genetic factors influencing nitrogen uptake and utilization in the context of different nitrogen management systems. This includes the role of root system and its interactions with microorganisms, nitrate assimilation and its relationship with photosynthesis as postanthesis remobilization and nitrogen partitioning. Regarding nitrogen-use efficiency complexity, several physiological avenues for increasing it were discussed and their phenotyping methods were reviewed. Phenotypic and molecular breeding strategies were also reviewed and discussed regarding nitrogen regimes and genetic diversity

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“…We will consider here only long-term labeling in the fi eld. In maize, long-term labeling has already been used for studying the distribution among organs of the N taken up at various developmental stages of the plant (Friedrich and Schrader, 1979;Below et al, 1985;Cliquet et al, 1990aCliquet et al, , 1990bDeléens et al, 1994;Ma and Dwyer, 1998). In other 15 N labeling studies, the proportion of remobilized N has been estimated by calculating the diff erence between the quantity of 15 N accumulated in the stover at silking and the quantity of 15 N accumulated in the stover at maturity (Mae and Ohira, 1981;Ta and Weiland, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Proportion of Nitrogen Remobilization and of Postsilking Nitrogen Uptake Allocated to Maize Kernels by Nitrogen‐15 Labeling

et al. 2007

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Estimating the proportion of N remobilization and postsilking N uptake allocated to kernels may help to improve N‐use efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.). In this study, we show theoretically and experimentally, that 15N labeling at the beginning of stem elongation can be used in the field to estimate the proportion of N remobilized from the vegetative parts to the kernels of maize by measuring 15N distribution only at maturity. In the same way, 15N labeling at silking allows a determination of the proportion of postsilking N uptake allocated to the kernels by measuring 15N distribution only at maturity. Two 1‐yr experiments with three and four genotypes and one 2‐yr experiment with testcross progenies from 66 recombinant inbred lines were developed. Nitrogen‐15 labeling during vegetative growth provided an estimate of the proportion of N remobilized with a greater accuracy compared with the “balance” method, which computes the difference between the amount of N present in the stover at silking and the amount of N present in the stover at maturity. The validity of our 15N method is mainly based on the assumption that less than 15 to 20% of 15N is taken up after silking. The determination of the proportion of postsilking N uptake allocated to kernels requires assumptions that are more difficult to fulfill. Nitrogen‐15 labeling in the field at the beginning of rapid stem growth appears to be a useful tool for studying the genetic variability of N remobilization using a large number of genotypes.

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N Deprivation in Maize During Grain‐Filling. II. Remobilization of ¹⁵N and ³⁵S and the Relationship between N and S Accumulation¹

Cited by 39 publications

References 8 publications

C and N Mobilization from Stalk and Leaves during Kernel Filling by ¹³C and ¹⁵N Tracing in Zea mays L.

C and N Mobilization from Stalk and Leaves during Kernel Filling by ¹³C and ¹⁵N Tracing in Zea mays L.

Breeding for increased nitrogen‐use efficiency: a review for wheat (T. aestivum L.)

Estimating the Proportion of Nitrogen Remobilization and of Postsilking Nitrogen Uptake Allocated to Maize Kernels by Nitrogen‐15 Labeling

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N Deprivation in Maize During Grain‐Filling. II. Remobilization of 15N and 35S and the Relationship between N and S Accumulation1

Cited by 39 publications

References 8 publications

C and N Mobilization from Stalk and Leaves during Kernel Filling by 13C and 15N Tracing in Zea mays L.

C and N Mobilization from Stalk and Leaves during Kernel Filling by 13C and 15N Tracing in Zea mays L.

Breeding for increased nitrogen‐use efficiency: a review for wheat (T. aestivum L.)

Estimating the Proportion of Nitrogen Remobilization and of Postsilking Nitrogen Uptake Allocated to Maize Kernels by Nitrogen‐15 Labeling

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N Deprivation in Maize During Grain‐Filling. II. Remobilization of ¹⁵N and ³⁵S and the Relationship between N and S Accumulation¹

C and N Mobilization from Stalk and Leaves during Kernel Filling by ¹³C and ¹⁵N Tracing in Zea mays L.

C and N Mobilization from Stalk and Leaves during Kernel Filling by ¹³C and ¹⁵N Tracing in Zea mays L.