NaCl Material for Winter Maintenance and Its Environmental Effect

Đuričković, Ivana

doi:10.5772/intechopen.86907

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…To triage priorities and conserve resources, it is prudent to identify the geographic locations where streetside trees are most vulnerable to de-icers. These delineated "Salt-vulnerable Zones" (SVZs) provide a setting for novel and alternative approaches to caring for streetside trees (Government of Canada, 2013;Conservation Ontario, 2018;Durickovic, 2019). At present, most salt management efforts that delineate sensitive areas focus on watershed and aquifer protection (Durickovic, 2019).…”

Section: A Toolbox To Support the Co-management Of Winter De-icing Op...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These delineated "Salt-vulnerable Zones" (SVZs) provide a setting for novel and alternative approaches to caring for streetside trees (Government of Canada, 2013;Conservation Ontario, 2018;Durickovic, 2019). At present, most salt management efforts that delineate sensitive areas focus on watershed and aquifer protection (Durickovic, 2019). The establishment of SVZs to increase protective measures for vulnerable streetside trees could help to synchronize and integrate winter road and pedestrian safety with tree management goals.…”

Section: A Toolbox To Support the Co-management Of Winter De-icing Op...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter Climate Variability, De-Icing Salt and Streetside Tree Vitality

et al. 2022

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De-icing salts are applied to roads and walking surfaces to mitigate winter hazards resulting from ice, snow and freezing rain. The vitality of streetside trees, especially those growing in densely built urban areas, is compromised by repeated exposure to de-icing salts. Such trees already experience unfavorable establishment and growing conditions resulting from poor soil quality, inadequate moisture, physical abuse and air pollution−exposure to de-icing salt aggravates these challenges and can be an essential catalyst in tree mortality. Climate change is creating less predictable weather and, in some cases amplifying the intensity of winter storms. Cities that undertake snow and ice management may adopt modified approaches, and those less familiar with this practice may require its episodic adoption. We identify three pathways by which future climate warming may, counterintuitively, result in cities increasing their use of de-icing salt: (a) Warming winter temperatures in cities that were historically too cold to make effective use of sodium chloride (NaCl) for de-icing; (b) cities where daily high temperatures in winter may increase the frequency of freeze-thaw cycles; and, (c) cities in North America and Eurasia that may experience more severe winter weather resulting from greater variability in the circumpolar vortex (CPV). To offset potential damage to existing urban streetside trees and to ensure adequate soil and growing conditions for future trees, there is an immediate need for city foresters to collaborate with traffic safety and public works departments. We present a toolbox of approaches that can facilitate synchronized management efforts, including identifying the location of existing vulnerable trees and re-envisioning future infrastructure that would mitigate tree exposure to de-icing salts. At the same time, we call for the prioritization of research that investigates new potential pathways along which climate change may contribute to the novel adoption of de-icing salts.

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Section: A Toolbox To Support the Co-management Of Winter De-icing Op...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Toolbox To Support the Co-management Of Winter De-icing Op...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Climate Variability, De-Icing Salt and Streetside Tree Vitality

et al. 2022

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“…The application of de-icing salts maintenance is recognized as a major environmental factor to the decline of urban plants [4,5]. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is one of the most used de-icing agents [6,7].…”

Section: Urban Biotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

New directions of biology and biotechnology in urban environmental sciences

Gladkov

Gladkova

2021

Hem Ind

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Living organisms and biological methods are widely used in recycling urban waste and improving the quality of the urban environment. Urban biology is a branch of biology that studies organisms living in cities. We propose using the new term "urban biotechnology". Urban biotechnology is the use of biotechnological methods to protect the urban environment and in urban energy. Urban biotechnology in the future may be included in the curriculum of the Master's degree programs "Biotechnology", "Ecology " (profile "Applied Ecology"), "Chemistry" (profile " ?hemistry of the urban environment "), and Chemical Engineering (profile "Chemical and Biochemical Engineering "). We consider it important to train specialists in the fields of urban biology and urban biotechnology. We hope that urban biotechnology and urban biology will become independent disciplines in the future.

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“…NaCl is the most commonly used deicer, since it is an economic and effective material that is readily available in sufficient amounts (Lilek, 2017). NaCl was first used as a snow and ice control agent in 1930s (Durickovic, 2019). By 1960, it was used on a large scale as an important part of highway winter maintenance programs (Paschka et al, 1999), and continued to play an important role in deicing roads.…”

Section: Deicers and Their Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological impacts of roadway deicers on aquatic resources and human health: A review

Nazari

Potapova

McIntyre

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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During winter, snow and ice on roads in regions with cold weather can increase traffic crashes and casualties, resulting in travel delays and financial burdens to society. Anti‐icing or deicing the roads can serve a cost‐effective method to significantly reduce such risks. Although traditionally the main priorities of winter road maintenance (WRM) have been level of service, cost‐effectiveness, and corrosion reduction, it is increasingly clear that understanding the environmental impacts of deicers is vital. One of the most important problems in this regard is environmental contamination caused by cumulative use of deicers, which has many detrimental effects on the aquatic systems. Among the deicers, the chloride‐based ones raise the most toxicological concerns because they are highly soluble, can migrate quickly in the environment and have cumulative effects over time. In this review, we summarize and organize existing data, including the latest findings about the adverse effects of deicers on surface water and groundwater, aquatic species, and human health, and identify future research priorities. In addition, the data provided can be used to develop a framework for quantifying some of the variables that stakeholders and agencies use when preparing guidelines and standards for WRM programs. Practitioner points Pollution from the increasing use of roadway deicers may have detrimental effects on the environment. Of particular concern are the acute and cumulative risks that chloride salts pose to aquatic species. Chloride salts are water‐soluble, very difficult to remove, highly mobile, and non‐degradable. Deicers cause water stratification, change the chemicophysical properties of water, and affect aquatic species and human health. Current guidelines may not be appropriate for environmental protection and need to be revised.

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NaCl Material for Winter Maintenance and Its Environmental Effect

Cited by 7 publications

References 73 publications

Winter Climate Variability, De-Icing Salt and Streetside Tree Vitality

Winter Climate Variability, De-Icing Salt and Streetside Tree Vitality

New directions of biology and biotechnology in urban environmental sciences

Toxicological impacts of roadway deicers on aquatic resources and human health: A review

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