NADPH oxidase regulates chemotropic growth of the fungal pathogen <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> towards the host plant

Nordzieke, Daniela Elisabeth; Fernandes, Tania; Ghalid, Mennat El; Turrà, David; Pietro, Antonio Di

doi:10.1111/nph.16085

Cited by 62 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Some root pathogens effectively grow towards roots using chemotropism (Yao and Allen, 2006). While earlier studies found no evidence of chemotaxis toward tomato roots by Fo47 or the pathogens Fol or Forl (Steinberg et al, 1999;Olivain et al, 2006) a recent study showed that peroxidases secreted by tomato roots elicit Fol chemotropism towards roots (Turrà et al, 2015;Nordzieke et al, 2019). Altogether, it seems that root exudations trigger spore germination and induces directional mycelial growth.…”

Section: Spore Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol by Fusarium oxysporum Using Endophyte-Mediated Resistance

2020

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Interactions between plants and the root-colonizing fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental for the host. Fo is infamous for its ability to cause wilt, root-, and foot-rot in many plant species, including many agronomically important crops. However, Fo also has another face; as a root endophyte, it can reduce disease caused by vascular pathogens such as Verticillium dahliae and pathogenic Fo strains. Fo also confers protection to root pathogens like Pythium ultimum, but typically not to pathogens attacking above-ground tissues such as Botrytis cinerea or Phytophthora capsici. Endophytes confer biocontrol either directly by interacting with pathogens via mycoparasitism, antibiosis, or by competition for nutrients or root niches, or indirectly by inducing resistance mechanisms in the host. Fo endophytes such as Fo47 and CS-20 differ from Fo pathogens in their effector gene content, host colonization mechanism, location in the plant, and induced host-responses. Whereas endophytic strains trigger localized cell death in the root cortex, and transiently induce immune signaling and papilla formation, these responses are largely suppressed by pathogenic Fo strains. The ability of pathogenic strains to compromise immune signaling and cell death is likely attributable to their host-specific effector repertoire. The lower number of effector genes in endophytes as compared to pathogens provides a means to distinguish them from each other. Coinoculation of a biocontrol-conferring Fo and a pathogenic Fo strain on tomato reduces disease, and although the pathogen still colonizes the xylem vessels this has surprisingly little effect on the xylem sap proteome composition. In this tripartite interaction the accumulation of just two PR proteins, NP24 (a PR-5) and a b-glucanase, was affected. The Fo-induced resistance response in tomato appears to be distinct from induced systemic resistance (ISR) or systemic acquired resistance (SAR), as the phytohormones jasmonate, ethylene, and salicylic acid are not required. In this review, we summarize our molecular understanding of Fo-induced resistance in a model and identify caveats in our knowledge.

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Section: Spore Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol by Fusarium oxysporum Using Endophyte-Mediated Resistance

2020

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“…Moreover, NoxA, a NADPH oxidase isoform in the grass endosymbiont Epichloë festucae, was identified as essential for the establishment of systemic compatible infections in host plants [50]. ROS produced by NoxA or NoxB (from Fusarium oxysporum) regulate hyphal growth of a fungal pathogen towards roots of the host plants to maintain a mutualistic and symbiotic interaction [57,58]. Recently, four GmNOXs from soybean genome (Glycine max) also showed strong expression in nodules, pointing to their probable involvement in nodulation [59].…”

Section: Plant-microorganism Ineractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NADPH Oxidases: The Vital Performers and Center Hubs during Plant Growth and Signaling

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Cells

107

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NADPH oxidases (NOXs), mostly known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs), are the key producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. A lot of literature has addressed ROS signaling in plant development regulation and stress responses as well as on the enzyme’s structure, evolution, function, regulation and associated mechanisms, manifesting the role of NOXs/RBOHs as the vital performers and center hubs during plant growth and signaling. This review focuses on recent advances of NOXs/RBOHs on cell growth, hormone interaction, calcium signaling, abiotic stress responses, and immunity. Several primary particles, including Ca2+, CDPKs, BIK1, ROPs/RACs, CERK, FER, ANX, SnRK and SIK1-mediated regulatory mechanisms, are fully summarized to illustrate the signaling behavior of NOXs/RBOHs and their sophisticated and dexterous crosstalks. Diverse expression and activation regulation models endow NOXs/RBOHs powerful and versatile functions in plants to maintain innate immune homeostasis and development integrity. NOXs/RBOHs and their related regulatory items are the ideal targets for crop improvement in both yield and quality during agricultural practices.

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“…The infection process initiates when F. oxysporum hyphae in the soil sense class III peroxidases released by the roots to redirect growth toward the host plant. This chemotropic response requires conserved signaling components, including Ste2, a receptor for peptide pheromone alpha, the NADPH oxidase B (NoxB) complex, as well as elements of the cell wall integrity mitogen activated protein kinase (CWI MAPK) pathway [4][5][6] . Once the fungus reaches the plant root, it penetrates and grows intercellularly in the cortex.…”

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confidence: 99%

A bacterial endophyte exploits chemotropism of a fungal pathogen for plant colonization

et al. 2020

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Soil-inhabiting fungal pathogens use chemical signals released by roots to direct hyphal growth towards the host plant. Whether other soil microorganisms exploit this capacity for their own benefit is currently unknown. Here we show that the endophytic rhizobacterium Rahnella aquatilis locates hyphae of the root-infecting fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum through pH-mediated chemotaxis and uses them as highways to efficiently access and colonize plant roots. Secretion of gluconic acid (GlcA) by R. aquatilis in the rhizosphere leads to acidification and counteracts F. oxysporum-induced alkalinisation, a known virulence mechanism, thereby preventing fungal infection. Genetic abrogation or biochemical inhibition of GlcA-mediated acidification abolished biocontrol activity of R. aquatilis and restored fungal infection. These findings reveal a new way by which bacterial endophytes hijack hyphae of a fungal pathogen in the soil to gain preferential access to plant roots, thereby protecting the host from infection.

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NADPH oxidase regulates chemotropic growth of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum towards the host plant

Cited by 62 publications

References 66 publications

Biocontrol by Fusarium oxysporum Using Endophyte-Mediated Resistance

Biocontrol by Fusarium oxysporum Using Endophyte-Mediated Resistance

NADPH Oxidases: The Vital Performers and Center Hubs during Plant Growth and Signaling

A bacterial endophyte exploits chemotropism of a fungal pathogen for plant colonization

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