Nafion as a protective membrane for screen-printed pH-sensitive ruthenium oxide electrodes

Lazouskaya, Maryna; Tamm, Martti; Scheler, Ott; Uppuluri, Kiranmai; Zaraska, Krzysztof

doi:10.1109/bec49624.2020.9276822

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…At the given temperature, the sensitivity value should be the same for all the pH-sensitive electrodes when n = 1. However, in practice deviation from the theoretical response is observed (see Table S1 ) [ 33 , 34 , 40 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lot of attention was paid to thin-film methods, including nanostructured film deposition from suspension [ 17 , 18 ], magnetron sputtering [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], sol-gel [ 24 , 25 ], the Pechini method [ 26 , 27 ], and electrodeposition [ 28 ]. Besides the investigation of pure RuO 2 layers, numerous studies were devoted to RuO 2 mixed or doped with other metal oxides (TiO 2 [ 26 , 29 ], Ta 2 O 5 [ 30 ], SnO 2 [ 31 ], Cu 2 O [ 18 ], and La 2 O 3 [ 32 ]), glasses [ 33 , 34 , 35 ], or carbon nanotubes [ 20 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication, Potentiometric Characterization, and Application of Screen-Printed RuO2 pH Electrodes for Water Quality Testing

Uppuluri

Lazouskaya

Szwagierczak

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Screen-printed sensing electrodes attract much attention for water pollution monitoring due to their small size, physical and chemical durability, and low cost. This paper presents the fabrication and broad potentiometric characterization of RuO2 pH sensing electrodes deposited by screen printing on alumina substrates and sintered in the 800–900 °C temperature range. All the fabricated electrodes showed close to Nernstian sensitivity, good linearity, fast response, small drift, low hysteresis, and low cross-sensitivity toward various interfering cations and anions. Furthermore, decreasing the sintering temperature led to better adhesion of the RuO2 layer and a negligible response to interfering ions. The measurements in real-life samples from different water sources showed that the fabricated electrodes are on par with conventional glass electrodes with a maximum deviation of 0.11 pH units, thus indicating their potential for application in water quality monitoring.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, Potentiometric Characterization, and Application of Screen-Printed RuO2 pH Electrodes for Water Quality Testing

Uppuluri

Lazouskaya

Szwagierczak

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…The electrodes were fabricated similarly to previously described methods . Briefly, two layers were deposited on an alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) substrate by the screen printing: a conductive layer and a pH-sensitive layer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binary RuO₂–CuO Electrodes Outperform RuO₂ Electrodes in Measuring the pH in Food Samples

et al. 2023

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Glass electrodes are the only type of pH-sensitive electrodes currently used in the food industry. While widely used, they have several disadvantages, especially in the areas of brittleness and price. Ruthenium(IV) oxide (RuO2) pH electrodes are a well-known alternative to conventional glass electrodes, providing improved durability and lower price. Nevertheless, partial substitution of RuO2 with cupric oxide (CuO) would further lower the price and reduce the toxicity of the electrode. In this paper, we present the applicability of RuO2–CuO electrodes for pH measurement in food samples. The electrodes were fabricated by screen printing and covered with a protective Nafion membrane. In the experiments with food samples, the RuO2–CuO electrodes outperformed RuO2 electrodes in measuring the pH with an almost twofold higher rate of accurate measurements. The utilization of CuO for the fabrication of pH electrodes allowed the accurate measurement of pH in a larger variety of food samples without compromising the response time.

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“…The combination of sulfonate groups and a stable PTFE backbone makes Nafion a well-known ionic polymer with advantages of excellent ionic conductivity, cation selectivity, chemical inertness, and thermal stability [1]. The unique properties of Nafion have drawn great interest in a broad range of research areas and applications, including fuel cells and batteries [2][3][4][5], chemical sensors [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], biosensors [16,17], and separation technologies [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, Nafion has been extensively investigated as a membrane or electrode modifier of electrochemical sensors for environmental and biomedical applications [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Electrochemical sensors monitor the changes in potential or current caused by electrochemical reactions on an electrode's surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Screen-Printable Nafion Dispersion for Electrochemical Sensor

et al. 2022

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A modified Nafion dispersion for direct screen printing was developed and characterized. Commercial Nafion solution was neutralized to its sodium form and the solvent was replaced by a screen-printing-compatible solvent. The modified Nafion dispersion has optimized rheological properties including shear-thinning behavior, thixotropy, and moderate yield stress. The elemental composition and chemical states of the modified Nafion were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The chemical state and composition of the modified Nafion remained the same as those of commercial Nafion. The crystallinity of the cured membranes of both Nafion dispersions was evaluated by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). It was found that the modified Nafion has lower crystallinity as compared to the commercial Nafion, and the degree of crystallinity increases with an increase in the curing temperature. The modified material was screen printed onto a commercial sensor as a cation-exchange membrane for the detection of lead Pb(II) in buffer solutions. The sensor showed good linearity in the range of 5 µg/L to 500 µg/L, with a detection limit of 2 µg/L for Pb(II) by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry. This work demonstrates the possibility of printing Nafion on a large scale in a wide range of fields, such as printed electrochemical sensors.

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Nafion as a protective membrane for screen-printed pH-sensitive ruthenium oxide electrodes

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Fabrication, Potentiometric Characterization, and Application of Screen-Printed RuO2 pH Electrodes for Water Quality Testing

Fabrication, Potentiometric Characterization, and Application of Screen-Printed RuO2 pH Electrodes for Water Quality Testing

Binary RuO₂–CuO Electrodes Outperform RuO₂ Electrodes in Measuring the pH in Food Samples

Development of Screen-Printable Nafion Dispersion for Electrochemical Sensor

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Nafion as a protective membrane for screen-printed pH-sensitive ruthenium oxide electrodes

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Fabrication, Potentiometric Characterization, and Application of Screen-Printed RuO2 pH Electrodes for Water Quality Testing

Fabrication, Potentiometric Characterization, and Application of Screen-Printed RuO2 pH Electrodes for Water Quality Testing

Binary RuO2–CuO Electrodes Outperform RuO2 Electrodes in Measuring the pH in Food Samples

Development of Screen-Printable Nafion Dispersion for Electrochemical Sensor

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Product

Resources

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Binary RuO₂–CuO Electrodes Outperform RuO₂ Electrodes in Measuring the pH in Food Samples