NAFTA Students’ Whistle-Blowing Perceptions: A Case of Sexual Harassment

Abstract

cultural dimensions, NAFTA, sexual harassment, whistle-blowing,

Acoso sexual en la comunidad estudiantil de la Universidad de Manizales (Colombia) 2008. Estudio de corte transversal

“…13 Al solicitarle a estudiantes universitarios la opinión sobre cuál es el castigo más pertinente para el agresor, consideraban más adecuado confrontar primero a la persona cuya conducta se estaba interpretando como acoso antes de tomar medidas drásticas. 14,15 Pese a esto, en estudios reportados los estudiantes parecen responder enérgicamente a favor de las víctimas que informan sobre los incidentes de acoso sexual. 11 En cuanto al castigo apropiado que debería recibir el acosador para su penalización, en el caso colombiano se han expedido múltiples normas entre las que se cuentan la Ley 248 de 1995, 16 las reformas al Código Penal de la Ley 599 de 2000, 17 la Ley 294 de 1996 o de violencia intrafamiliar, 18 la Ley 1010 de enero de 2006 19 que castiga el acoso laboral y la Ley de la Infancia y la Adolescencia de noviembre de 2006.…”

Examining the Use of Hofstede’s Uncertainty Avoidance Construct in a Major Role in Ethics Research

“…The articles with findings related to low UA stated that, if necessary, employees may break rules (Goodwin & Goodwin, 1999;Cohen et al, 1992), there is less resistance to changes (Davis & Ruhe, 2003), willingness to take unknown risks (Swaidan et al, 2006) and there is less corruption in wealthy countries (Volkema & Fleury, 2002). The articles that had findings associated with high UA stated that company rules should not be broken (Thorne & Saunders, 2002;Ge & Thomas, 2008;Lu et al, 1999;Alas, 2006), there is more resistance to changes (Vega, 2007;Clements et al, 2009), only known risks are taken , there is fear of failure (Armstrong, 1996), preference is for tasks with certainty in outcomes, no risks and following instructions (Peek et al, 2007) and when experts are in key positions (At-Twaijri & Al-Muhaiza, 1996).…”

“…The last two articles found a relationship between UA and a behavior, but did not state whether this relationship was positive or negative. Peek et al (2007) associated whistle-blowing and sexual harassment to UA; Christie et al (2003) from a variety of sources in the analysis. The sample sizes range from 30-to-133 countries.…”

“…In Panel A, two articles used Hofstede's potential connections (Table 3) between two factors. These articles found that, in high UA societies, only known risks are taken and that there is preference for tasks with sure outcomes, no risks and following instructions (Peek et al, 2007). In Panel B, there is one article that uses Hofstede's potential differences.…”

“…The Panel A studies indicated that in high UA countries there is a preference for: a structured environment (Auger et al, 2007), more rules and standards , following rules and procedures (Peek et al, 2007), and leaders who have clear rules, procedures and guidelines (Smith, 2010). High UA countries also display increased: ethical sensitivity towards stakeholders , focus on legality instead of ethics (Christie et al, 2003), corruption (Arnold et al, 2007;Bernardi, 2006), social desirability response bias (Bernardi, 2006), and a lower tendency to whistle-blow (Peek et al, 2007). Panel A has more associations between UA and ethics than the other two panels of Table 3.…”