Nahmet al. reply

Abstract

Nahm e/ a/. Reply: In the preceding Comment [1], Weightman et al. question the main conclusion of our Letter [2] that the discrepancy between photoemission spectra and theoretical density of states (DOS) of CLl75Pd$5 is mostly caused by the matrix element effect rather than the lattice relaxation effect. They presented several arguments for this view, but as we will show belo~none of their arguments invalidates our conclusion.(I) They argued that the inclusion of the matrix element effect alone cannot remove the discrepancy between experiment and theory for the x-ray photoelectron spectra of Pd [3], but that a complex self-energy broadening Z alone can largely remove the discrepancy [4]. However, Fig. 7 of Ref. [4] clearly shows that there is still too much weight in the high binding energy region of the theoretical spectrum even after the self-energy broadening. This discrepancy can only be removed by the inclusion of the matrix element epee/ as well as /he /tfe time broadening, a procedure followed in our Letter [2] with the convincing result sho~n in its Fig. 2. This fact was pointed out even in Ref. [3], and the importance of the matrix element effect in Pd metal is unquestionable.We agree that the transferability of Z from pure metals to alloys is not guaranteed, but this is the best approximation we can make when there are no calculated results for Z of Cu7qPd~5. Weightman et al. worried about the possibility of the large ReX, but theoretically a large ImZ does not necessarily mean a large ReZ. Furthermore, detailed studies on the electronic structure of Pd, Ir, and Pt revealed that even though ImZ is large, ReZ is negligible for the occupied states [5]. Weightman e/ al. also argued that the lif'ctime broadening for the alloy would be reduced due to the reduction of the Pd partial DOS (PDOS) at the Fermi energy. But the phase space for the decay of a d band hole is proportional to the total number of possible particle-hole excitations, and the PDOS at the Fermi energy has negligible influence on the lifetime of a hole with a large binding energy [6].(2) They argued that the experimental photoionization cross section (o) ratio of pure metals is not necessarily transferable to alloys, citing Ref.[7] which claimed to show that the photon energy dependence of tTAs 4d changes appreciably from alloy to alloy. However, we have some reservations as to the validity of the analysis method employed in Ref.[7], since they normalized o~&4y by the atomic cross section of Al 3p and Cd 55 states whose wave functions are expected to be influenced more by the solid state eA'ect than for the Ag 4d state.Even if we accept the conclusion of Ref. [7], it has little inAuence on our present analysis of Pd partial spectral eight (PSW) of Cu7sPd2s because of the negligible contribution of Pd states to the alloy photoemission spectra at the Pd Cooper minimum. We found that even if we increase crpa/cry"at photon energy 130 eV from the original value of 0.03 to 0.15 (a 5 times increase), there is no appreciable change io the deduced P...

Magnetically charged calorons with non-trivial holonomy

“…So far, however, there has not been carried out extensive research on this direction. In this paper, we consider this subject by focusing on S U(2) calorons in terms of ADHM/Nahm construction [22,23] with certain examples explicitly. Among them are (2, 1)-calorons, which are composite objects of oppositely charged monopoles of absolute charge 2 and 1, so that they have intrinsic magnetic charge 1.…”