Nanoarchitectonics for Free‐Standing Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Films: Exploring the Flipped Surfaces

Abstract

The competency of polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEM) self-assembly to modulate the surface architecture at the molecular level has emerged as a captivating technique for various biomedical applications. PEM advancement in bioapplications covered the development of bio-sensors, stimuliresponsive drug-delivery systems, surface modification for creating antibacterial surfaces, and tissue-engineering architectures. Different PEM blends, from natural to synthetic ones, have been explored to make a free-standing version of the PEM stack. This review provides a deeper understanding of the free-standing PEM (FS-PEM), their fabrication strategies, and essential properties for specified bio-applications. The most crucial aspect of fabricating FS-PEM is choosing an application-specific fabrication protocol to delaminate the PEM stack from the underlying substrates. Post-fabrication, there are important considerations to improve the mechanical stability of these FS-PEMs by crosslinking or adding desired nanoparticles. Overall, essential insights are discussed here for using FS-PEM for specific bio-application, which has received little attention in the material science community until now.

Layer-by-layer designer nanoarchitectonics for physical and chemical communications in functional materials

“…15 This methodology is not bound by material or application objectives and can be applied to a wide variety of objects. In fact, recent papers advocating nanoarchitectonics include multiple topics ranging from material synthesis, 16 structure control, 17 fundamental physical phenomena, 18 and biochemistry-related research 19 to applications such as catalysts, 20 sensors, 21 devices, 22 energy, 23 environment, 24 and biomedical research. 25 Since materials are originally formed from atoms and molecules, nanoarchitectonics, which architects functional materials from atoms and molecules, can be applied to all materials.…”

Materials Nanoarchitectonics at Dynamic Interfaces: Structure Formation and Functional Manipulation

“…The research papers that claim to be nanoarchitectonics are as follows. The application of nanoarchitectonics can be seen in basic fields, such as the synthesis of functional materials [ 204 , 205 , 206 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 , 214 , 215 , 216 , 217 , 218 , 219 ], the control of specific structures [ 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 , 224 , 225 , 226 , 227 , 228 , 229 , 230 ], the creation of structures [ 231 , 232 , 233 , 234 , 235 , 236 , 237 , 238 , 239 , 240 ], basic physics [ 241 , 242 , 243 , 244 , 245 , 246 , 247 , 248 , 249 , 250 , 251 , 252 ], relatively basic biochemistry [ 253 , 254 ,…”

“…The research papers that claim to be nanoarchitectonics are as follows. The application of nanoarchitectonics can be seen in basic fields, such as the synthesis of functional materials [204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219], the control of specific structures [220][221][222][223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230], the creation of structures [231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240], basic physics [241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252]<...…”

Confined Space Nanoarchitectonics for Dynamic Functions and Molecular Machines

“…In fact, the research papers advocating nanoarchitectonics have a very wide range of material processes and applications. In basic fields, nanoarchitectonics can be applied to material synthesis [135][136][137][138][139][140][141], microstructure control [142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149], the elucidation of physical phenomena [150][151][152][153][154][155], and basic life science research [156][157][158][159][160][161]. In the applicationoriented fields, there are reports of applications in catalysis [162][163][164][165][166][167], sensors [168][169][170][171][172], devices [173][174][175][176][177][178], energy generation [179][180][181...…”