Nanoarchitectonics Intelligence with atomic switch and neuromorphic network system

Abstract

Emerging concept of "nanoarchitectonics" has been proposed as a way to apply the progress of nanotechnology to materials science. In the introductory parts, we briefly explain the progress in understanding materials through nanotechnology, the overview of nanoarchitectonics, the effects of nanoarchitectonics on the development of functional materials and devices, and outline of nanoarchitectonics intelligence as a main subject of this review paper. In the following sections, we explain the process of constructing intelligent devices based on atomic switches, in which the behavior of atoms determines the device functions, by integrating them with nanoarchitectonics. The contents are categorized into (i) basic operation of atomic switch, (ii) artificial synapse, (iii) neuromorphic network system, (iv) hetero-signal conversion, (v) decision making device, and (vi) atomic switch in practical uses. The atomic switches were originally relatively simple ON/OFF binary-type electrical devices, but their potential as multi-level resistive memory devices for artificial synapses and neuromorphic applications

Emerging photoelectric devices for neuromorphic vision applications: principles, developments, and outlooks

“…The performance of optoelectronic devices depends largely on the design of optoelectronic materials [ 58 , 59 ]. Different photosensitive materials have different detection ranges of light.…”

“…It has contributed greatly to the development of functional systems. Research on various functionalized materials is beneficial to promote the development of synaptic bionics, neuromorphic engineering and related artificial intelligence applications [ 58 , 59 ]. To date, a variety of different photoactive materials including MoS 2 , graphene (Gr), carbon nanotubes, metal oxides, organics, halide perovskites, and ferroelectric materials have been investigated for optoelectronic synaptic memristors and transistors [ 23 , 28 , 30 , 32 , 56 , 57 , 60–67 ].…”

Nanoarchitectonics for inorganic chemistry frontiers

“…As near future targets, energy-related applications through nanoarchitectonics approaches using nanocarbon materials 29 and the other inorganic materials 30 would be promoted. For more future applications, advanced devices such as neuromorphic devices with brain-like functions 31 can be created. These advanced materials systems require integrated and hierarchic structures.…”

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

“…Therefore, when building materials from nanoscale units, these uncertainties are included to harmonize the various effects [55,56]. Recent publications advocating nanoarchitectonics show that it is widely applied in academic fields such as materials synthesis [57][58][59], structural control [60][61][62][63], physical phenomena [64][65][66], and basic biochemistry [67][68][69], as well as in applied fields such as catalysis [70][71][72], sensors [73][74][75], devices [76][77][78], energy [79][80][81], environment [82][83][84][85], and medicine [86][87][88][89]. Since all the materials are composed of atoms and molecules, nanoarchitectonics is considered a universal unified concept that can be applied to all targets.…”