Nanoemulsions: formation, properties and applications

Gupta, Ankur; Eral, Hüseyin Burak; Hatton, T. Alan; Doyle, Patrick S.

doi:10.1039/c5sm02958a

Cited by 1,160 publications

(811 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Compared to conventional emulsions (2-20 μm), which have a milky white appearance, NE feature a smaller droplet size (< 1μm) which gives them greater kinetic stability and translucent appearance (Tadros, Kessell, 2004;Constantinides, Chaubal, Shorr, 2008;Gupta et al, 2016). Unlike ME, NE requires low concentrations of surfactant (3% to 10%), which makes them less irritating to the stratum corneum (McClements, Rao, 2011).…”

Section: General Considerations About Nanoemulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NE represent a class of emulsions with a diameter of less than one micrometer (50-200 nm), low viscosity droplet, transparent or translucent appearance with intense bluish reflection or milky, depending on the size of the droplets (Constantinides, Chaubal, Shorr, 2008;Wang et al, 2009;Calderó, García-Celma, Solans, 2011;Gupta et al, 2016;Hörmann, Zimmer et al, 2016). Frequently, NE are called ultrafine or submicrometric emulsion and mini-emulsions.…”

Section: General Considerations About Nanoemulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As to composition, NE are oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing 10 to 20% oil stabilized with 0.5 to 2% surfactant and the active ingredients are preferably solubilized, dispersed and/or adsorbed onto the internal phase of the nanostructure (Wang et al, 2009;Calderó, García-Celma, Solans, 2011;Wang et al, 2009;Calderó, García-Celma, Solans, 2011;Garg, Kokkoli, 2005;Maestro et al, 2008;Spinelli et al, 2010). The NE are kinetically stable due to their steric balance, especially when formulated with nonionic surfactants Gupta et al, 2016). Due to their small size droplets, they are resistant to being physically affected by creaming and sedimentation instability, because their Brownian motion that is sufficient to overcome the force of gravity separation and flocculation (Nam et al, 2010;Wooster, Golding, Sanguansri, 2008;Nemen, Lemos-Senna, 2011;Anton, Benoit, Saulnier, 2008;Yukuyama et al, 2016).…”

Section: General Considerations About Nanoemulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of Brazilian vegetable oils in nanoemulsions: an update on preparation and biological applications

Bajerski

Michels

Colomé

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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Vegetable oils present important pharmacological properties, which gained ground in the pharmaceutical field. Its encapsulation in nanoemulsions is considered a promising strategy to facilitate the applicability of these natural compounds and to potentiate the actions. These formulations offer several advantages for topical and systemic delivery of cosmetic and pharmaceutical agents including controlled droplet size, protection of the vegetable oil to photo, thermal and volatilization instability and ability to dissolve and stabilize lipophilic drugs. For these reasons, the aim of this review is to report on some characteristics, preparation methods, applications and especially analyze recent research available in the literature concerning the use of vegetable oils with therapeutic characteristics as lipid core in nanoemulsions, specially from Brazilian flora, such as babassu (Orbignya oleifera), aroeira (Schinus molle L.), andiroba (Carapa guaianiensis), casca-de-anta (Drimys brasiliensis Miers), sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus Vogel) and carqueja doce (Stenachaenium megapotamicum) oils.Uniterms: Plant oils/nanoemulsions/preparation. Plant oils/biological applications. INTRODUCTIONThe use of submicrometric colloidal nanocarriers such as nanoparticles (NP) lipid and polymeric, nanoemulsions (NE), microemulsions (ME), liposomes, and polymeric micelles is considered a promising system in the pharmaceutical field, because they have numerous advantages over traditional formulations such as: sustained release of the active element; solubilization of lipophilic molecules; use for different routes of administration; protection from chemical and enzymatic degradation of labile molecules; reduction of vegetable oils (VO) volatilization, side effects and dose (Mäder, Mehnert, 2005;Mehnert, Mäder, 2001;Gref, Couvreour, 2006;Couvreur, Vauthier, 2006; Panyam, Labhasetwar, 2003;Soppimath et al., 2001;Ai et al., 2011; Contri et al., 2012;Contri et al., 2014;Dimer et al., 2014;Severino et al., 2015;Frank et al., 2015;Asbahani et al., 2015). However, all systems differ thermodynamic stability, structure, chemical composition, efficiency encapsulation and types of application (Mäder, Mehnert, 2005;Ai et al., 2011).The development of suitable nanocarriers for pharmaceutical or cosmetic application requires the adequate selection of their adjuvants such as polymers for nanocapsules (NC), surfactants, and oils (Schaffazick et al., 2003;Alvarez-Román et al., 2001;Bouchemal et al., 2004;Friedrich et al., 2008). Recently, special attention has been given to the type of oily phase used as the core in the preparation of NE. VO has been preferred not only due to the concept that it is safe and biocompatible, but mainly because of the diversity of benefits, and the complex composition of fatty acids can exercise under the skin, protecting it against dehydration, solar radiation, inflammation, insect attack, microorganisms, and viruses (Tadros, Kessell, 2004;Bloise, 2003;Oyedeji, Okeke, 2010;Bakkali et. al., 2008;Harris, 2002; Contri et al, ...

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Section: General Considerations About Nanoemulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Considerations About Nanoemulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Considerations About Nanoemulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The use of Brazilian vegetable oils in nanoemulsions: an update on preparation and biological applications

Bajerski

Michels

Colomé

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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“…Nanoemulsions are isotropic nanometric formulations, based on oil, water, and surfactants, which have been used as carriers of bioactive compounds. Their long-term stability, ease of preparation, and high solubility of molecules have made them a promising tool in the development of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutritional innovations [8][9][10]. Used in the production of cosmetics, they present advantages such as greater power to hydrate and to penetrate the skin with their active compounds [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Andiroba Oil (Carapa guianensis Aublet) Nanoemulsions: Development and Assessment of Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity, and Hematotoxicity

Milhomem-Paixão

Fascineli

Muehlmann

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Andiroba oil (AO) is obtained from an Amazonian plant and is used in traditional medicine. We carried out a comparative study to test the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and hematotoxicity of the oil and its nanoemulsion (AN) in vitro (fibroblasts, lineage NIH/3T3) and in vivo (Swiss mice). The AN was characterized by DLS/Zeta, and its stability was investigated for 120 days. The biological activity of AN was assessed in vitro by MTT test and cell morphology analyses and in vivo by micronucleus, comet, and hematotoxicity tests. The AN presented a hydrodynamic diameter (Hd) of 142.5 ± 3.0 and PDI of 0.272 ± 0.007 and good stability at room temperature. The MTT test evidenced the cytotoxicity of AO and of AN only at their highest concentrations, but AN showed lower cytotoxicity than AO. A lower cytotoxicity of AN, when compared to AO, is in fact an interesting data suggesting that during therapeutic application there will be a lower impact in the cell viability of healthy cells. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and hematotoxicity were not observed in vivo. These tests on the biological and toxicological effects of andiroba oil and nanostructured oil are still initial ones but will give a direction to future application in cosmetics and/or the development of new phytotherapics.

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“…1) is composed of two branched alkyl chains and a charged sulphonate head group that make up the hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions of the molecule, respectively. Extensive studies of AOT in microemulsions have been conducted using techniques such as NMR spectroscopy, small-angle neutron scattering, X-ray scattering, theoretical calculations, and ultrafast laser methods (11)(12)(13). Few molecular-level studies have been conducted on nanoemulsion interfaces with none involving AOT, largely due to the experimental challenges in probing spherical interfaces of this size with surface specificity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of water and surfactant AOT at nanoemulsion surfaces

Hensel

Carpenter

Ciszewski

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Nanoemulsions and microemulsions are environments where oil and water can be solubilized in one another to provide a unique platform for many different biological and industrial applications. Nanoemulsions, unlike microemulsions, have seen little work done to characterize molecular interactions at their surfaces. This study provides a detailed investigation of the near-surface molecular structure of regular (oil in water) and reverse (water in oil) nanoemulsions stabilized with the surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT). Vibrational sum-frequency scattering spectroscopy (VSFSS) is used to measure the vibrational spectroscopy of these AOT stabilized regular and reverse nanoemulsions. Complementary studies of AOT adsorbed at the planar oil-water interface are conducted with vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy (VSFS). Jointly, these give comparative insights into the orientation of interfacial water and the molecular characterization of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of AOT at the different oil-water interfaces. Whereas the polar region of AOT and surrounding interfacial water molecules display nearly identical behavior at both the planar and droplet interface, there is a clear difference in hydrophobic chain ordering even when possible surface concentration differences are taken into account. This chain ordering is found to be invariant as the nanodroplets grow by Ostwald ripening and also with substitution of different counterions (Na:AOT, K:AOT, and Mg:AOT) that consequently also result in different sized nanoparticles. The results paint a compelling picture of surfactant assembly at these relatively large nanoemulsion surfaces and allow for an important comparison of AOT at smaller micellar (curved) and planar oil-water interfaces.nanoemulsions | oil-water interfaces | vibrational sum-frequency scattering spectroscopy | surface spectroscopy | surfactants W e are all familiar with the adage that "oil and water do not mix," but of course, it depends upon the definition of "mix." Emulsions are an important special case, where the oil is dispersed as tiny droplets in the aqueous phase, taxonomically called a regular emulsion, or where the water is dispersed as tiny droplets throughout the oil phase, called a reverse emulsion. Because both emulsions are thermodynamically unstable, overcoming this requires an emulsifying agent such as a surfactant. Recently, there has been interest in surfactant-stabilized emulsions with droplet diameters in the nanoscale range for unique applications in drug delivery (1, 2) and oil recovery (3, 4) and as nanoreactors to produce materials ranging from polymers to quantum dots (5). Regular or reverse emulsions with droplet diameters in the range of 10-1,000 nm are called nanoemulsions. Little is known about the processes or molecular structures that result in their stability via surfactants. Even less is known about the structure-function relationship, which is crucial to determine the best surfactant for a given nanoemulsion application. Their utility hinges on a ...

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Nanoemulsions: formation, properties and applications

Cited by 1,160 publications

References 117 publications

The use of Brazilian vegetable oils in nanoemulsions: an update on preparation and biological applications

The use of Brazilian vegetable oils in nanoemulsions: an update on preparation and biological applications

Andiroba Oil (Carapa guianensis Aublet) Nanoemulsions: Development and Assessment of Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity, and Hematotoxicity

Molecular characterization of water and surfactant AOT at nanoemulsion surfaces

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