Nanomaterial-Augmented Formulation of Disinfectants and Antiseptics in Controlling SARS CoV-2

Abstract

The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant consideration toward innovative strategies for overcoming the viral spread. Nanotechnology will change our lives in several forms as its uses span from electronics to pharmaceutical procedures. The use of nanoparticles provides a possibility to promote new antiviral treatments with a low possibility of increasing drug resistance compared to typical chemical-based antiviral treatments. Since the long-term usage of disinfectants and antiseptics at high concentrations has deleterious impacts on well-being and the environment, this review was intended to discuss the antiviral activity of disinfectants and antiseptics required for their activity against respiratory viruses especially SARS-CoV-2. It could improve the inhibition of viral penetration into cells, solvation of the lipid bilayer envelope, and ROS production, therefore enhancing the effect of disinfectants. However, significant concerns about nanomaterial's hazardous effects on individuals and the environment are increasing as nanotechnology flourishes. In this review, we first discuss the significant and essential types of nanomaterials, especially silver and copper, that could be used as antiviral agents and their viral entry mechanisms into host cells. Further, we consider the toxicity on health, and environmental concerns of nanoparticles. Eventually, we present our outlook on the fate of nanomaterials toward viral diseases.

Effect of Cu Modified Textile Structures on Antibacterial and Antiviral Protection

“…Copper has shown the ability to destroy viruses, such as influenza viruses, vaccinia virus, noroviruses or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 30 , 60 ]. Viruses are more susceptible than fungi and bacteria to copper by the lack of repair mechanisms [ 18 ].…”

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Applications of ZnO Nanostructures: A Review

“…The action of ZnO NSs against SARS-CoV-2 was recently reviewed, and their possible interaction mechanisms were presented (Figure ). COVID-19 outbreak dramatically increased the use of nanomaterial-based antivirals (ZnO NSs being among the most used); Jamshidinia et al reviewed this topic, with peculiar attention on toxicity on health and environmental concerns of used NSs.…”

Nanotechnology in the COVID-19 era: Carbon-based nanomaterials as a promising solution

“…Despite having the ability to specifically interact with SARS-CoV-2 components (see Chapter 3), to the best of our knowledge, studies on disinfectant addition with CBM are still lacking, probably for the uncertainty of hazardous effects and the cost compared to alcoholic solutions. Conversely approved nanomaterial-based disinfectants contain silver and/or copper nanoparticles formulations and titanium and silver zeolite nanomaterials [ 153 ]. Concerning large surfaces such as walls and floors, data on graphene nanoparticles and CNT antifouling properties as paint components might be used for the analysis of performance against viruses [ 154 ].…”