Nanomaterial/Ionophore-Based Electrode for Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Lead: An Electrochemical Sensing Platform toward Heavy Metals

Abstract

A novel nanomaterial/ionophore-modified glassy carbon electrode for anodic stripping analysis of lead (Pb 2+ ) is described. Nanosized hydroxyapatite (NHAP) with width of 20-25 nm and length of 50-100 nm has been prepared and used to improve the sensitivity for detection of Pb 2+ because it provides unique threedimensional network structure and has strong adsorption ability toward Pb 2+ . An ionophore, usually used in ion-selective electrodes, is utilized here for its excellent selectivity toward Pb 2+ . Nafion, a cationexchange polymer, is employed as the conductive matrix in which NHAP and the ionophore can be tightly attached to the electrode surface. Such a designed NHAP/ionophore/Nafion-modified electrode shows remarkably improved sensitivity and selectivity to Pb 2+ . The electrode has a linear range of 5.0 nM to 0.8 µM with a 10 min accumulation time at open-circuit potential. The sensitivity and detection limit of the proposed sensor are 13 µA/µM and 1.0 nM, respectively. Interference from other heavy metal ions such as Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Hg 2+ associated with lead analysis can be effectively diminished. The practical application of the proposed sensor has been carried out for determination of trace levels of Pb 2+ in real water samples.

Novel Pb2+ Ion Imprinted Polymers Based on Ionic Interaction via Synergy of Dual Functional Monomers for Selective Solid-Phase Extraction of Pb2+ in Water Samples

“…9 Fu et al have developed a fluorescence sensing strategy for Pb 2+ based on accelerated leaching of gold nanoparticles on graphene surface. 10 Rehman et al have utilized chemically modified biosorbents for sorption removal of Pb 2+ from water.…”

Gold Nanoparticles/Ionophore-Modified Screen Printed Electrode for Detection of Pb(II) in River Water Using Linear Sweep Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

“…(29) Although the ionophores show better selectivity towards particular metal ions, their use in voltammetric analysis as compared with potentiometric analysis is limited, probably due to the nonconductive properties of the ionophores. (30)(31)(32) The aim of this study was to combine the unique properties of AuNPs (i.e., enlarged active surface area and strong adsorptive capability) with the specific complexing ability of an ionophore and SPE to fabricate a selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of trace …”

Fabrication of Anchored Complexes as Electrodes for Sensing Heavy Metal Ions by Electrochemical Method

“…The setting up of various materials has widened the electrochemical achievements. For concrete illustration, polymers or biomaterials are regularly come together on inorganic nanomaterials to manufacture the highly responsive electrochemical sensors for heavy metal ions [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] .Because of the potential for the small analytical period, less engine capacity, valuable sensitivity and simple adaptability for in-situ extent 19 ,electrochemical detection methods using anchored complexes have attracted enormous attention in the detection of heavy metal ions. This review summons up the formulation and sensing means such as the molecularly imprinted polymers, ion-imprinted polymers, exploitation incentive responses of a deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme), fluorescence and complexes with conducting nation binders for heavy metal ions in 2015 and 2016are briefly explained.…”