Nanometre‐Scale Molecular Ribbons

Breidenbach, Stefan; Ohren, Stefan; Vögtle, Fritz

doi:10.1002/chem.19960020716

Cited by 41 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Therefore, the fact that the flexible oligomeric N,N ‘-dimethylated guanidines formed multilayers despite this unfavorable factor is remarkable. Previously reported compounds with intramolecular aromatic layers have all had rigid backbones . The alternate benzene rings of our compounds (5° for 9 and 12−17° for 11 ) are more parallel, except for those of 12 (25°).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

N-Methylated Diphenylguanidines: Conformations, Propeller-Type Molecular Chirality, and Construction of Water-Soluble Oligomers with Multilayered Aromatic Structures

et al. 1998

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The crystal structures of N,N‘-diphenylguanidine (1) and its N-methylated derivatives were investigated, and the conformational properties of these molecules were utilized to construct water-soluble oligomers with multilayered aromatic structures. N,N‘-Diphenylguanidine (1) afforded two types of crystals, chiral (P212121) and racemic (P21/c), upon recrystallization from EtOH. In both crystals, 1 exists in the (E,Z) conformation, in which one C−N bond (length: 1.28−1.30 Å) attached to a phenyl ring shows double-bond character. In contrast, N,N‘-dimethyl-N,N‘-diphenylguanidine (4a) exists in the (Z,Z) conformation with the two aromatic rings facing each other. As judged from the crystal structures of several N-methylated compounds, the conformational preferences of diphenylguanidines appear to be related to those of aromatic anilides. N,N,N‘,N‘‘-Tetramethyl-N‘,N‘‘-diphenylguanidinium iodide (6) afforded chiral crystals, like 1 and N-methyl-N,N‘-diphenylguanidine (2). The absolute structure of each enantiomeric propeller conformation of 6 was determined by X-ray analysis using the Bijvoet difference method. The Z-conformational preference of 4 allowed us to synthesize oligomeric di- or tetraguanidines (9−12) which have multilayered aromatic structures both as a crystal and in organic and aqueous solvents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

N-Methylated Diphenylguanidines: Conformations, Propeller-Type Molecular Chirality, and Construction of Water-Soluble Oligomers with Multilayered Aromatic Structures

et al. 1998

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“…Investigations into the construction of larger cyclophanes − proceeded through the generation of linear oligomers of tetrasubstituted aryl moieties linked through tosylated aminomethyl groups. Through iterative synthesis, chain lengths up to the nonamer 401 were obtained and crystal structures for pentamer 21 revealed stacked, molecular ribbons (Figure ).…”

Section: Cyclophanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Field Guide to Foldamers

et al. 2001

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He attended Point Loma Nazarene University in San Diego, CA, where he worked with Professor Victor L. Heasley on the halogenation of unsaturated carbonyl compounds. After receiving his B.A. degree in Chemistry in 1997, he began his graduate career at the University of Illinois with Professor Jeffrey S. Moore. Currently he is in his fifth year investigating solvent effects on the helix−coil transition in oligo(m-phenylene ethynylene) foldamers. Matthew J. Mio (left) was born in Michigan in 1974. He attended the University of Detroit Mercy, where he worked with Professor Kevin. D. Belfield (now at the University of Central Florida) on the synthesis of nonlinear optical chromophores for use in polymeric systems. He graduated with his B.S. degree in Chemistry in 1997. Later that year, he began his graduate career at the University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign with Professor Jeffrey S. Moore. There, Matt studied the synthesis and solution/ solid-state properties of oligo(m-phenylene ethynylene) foldamers and graduated with his Ph.D. degree in 2001. He then went to the Chemistry Department at Macalester College (St. Paul, MN) as a Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow to study the synthesis of novel CpCo−cyclobutadienyl-bridged cyclophanes with Professor Ronald G. Brisbois. Thomas S. Hughes (right) is currently a postdoctoral fellow in the research group of Professor Jeff Moore at the University of Illinois. He was born in 1970 in Philadelphia, PA, and received his B.S. degree from Temple University in 1991. In 1999 he received his Ph.D. degree from Cornell University, where he worked in the laboratories of Professor Barry Carpenter. He is currently studying the association kinetics of the binding of a helical oligomer to a rodlike guest. He is also investigating the thermodynamics of oligo(phenylene ethynylene) folding using molecular mechanics. Jeffrey S. Moore (second from right) was born in Illinois in 1962. After receiving his B.S. degree in Chemistry from the University of Illinois in 1984, he completed his Ph.D. degree in Materials Science and Engineering, also at the University of Illinois, with Samuel Stupp (1989). He then went to the California Institute of Technology as an NSF postdoctoral fellow to study with Robert Grubbs. In 1990 he joined the chemistry faculty at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. He returned to the University of Illinois in 1993, where he is currently a Professor of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering. In 1995 he became a part-time faculty member of the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, where he now serves as co-chairman of the Molecular and Electronic Nanostructures Main Research Theme. Ryan B. Prince was born in Robbinsdale, MN, in 1972. He graduated from Southeast Missouri State University in 1995 with his B.S. degree in Chemistry, where he worked for Professor Jin K. Gong on the synthesis and characterization of transition-metal complexes that bind and activate carbon dioxide. He then went to the University of Illinois and worked with Professor Jeffrey...

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“…33 A repetitive reaction strategy gave the molecular ribbon 4, the longest benzene cyclophane sequence reported. 34 According to NMR analysis and by analogy to the crystal structures of smaller derivatives, 4 adopts the all syn-conformation and thus forms a nonuple aromatic stack (Fig. 2b).…”

Section: Cyclophanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering discrete stacks of aromatic molecules

2009

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Intrigued by transannular interactions occurring in stacked aromatic molecules, chemists have long endeavored to engineer discrete stacks of specific lengths and orientation. The maturation of self-assembly methodologies has shifted the focus away from utilizing covalent scaffolds to harnessing non-covalent interactions such as ionic interactions, hydrogen bonds, metal-ligand interactions, and aromatic interactions. Aromatic molecules often assemble into ill-defined, infinite aggregates and thus multiple self-assembly techniques must be combined to achieve the desired stack size and conformations. This critical review briefly highlights covalent scaffolds of stack aromatics before focusing on modern self-assembly based strategies for engineering discrete stacks of aromatic molecules (149 references).

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Nanometre‐Scale Molecular Ribbons

Cited by 41 publications

References 29 publications

N-Methylated Diphenylguanidines: Conformations, Propeller-Type Molecular Chirality, and Construction of Water-Soluble Oligomers with Multilayered Aromatic Structures

N-Methylated Diphenylguanidines: Conformations, Propeller-Type Molecular Chirality, and Construction of Water-Soluble Oligomers with Multilayered Aromatic Structures

A Field Guide to Foldamers

Engineering discrete stacks of aromatic molecules

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