Nanoparticle air pollution in major cities and its origin

Qian, Zhiqiang; Siegmann, K.; Keller, A.; Matter, U.; Scherrer, L.; Siegmann, H. C.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00252-6

Cited by 73 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Photoelectric charging of nanoparticles has been developed as an efficient means for the detection of PAHs carried by nanoparticles (Zhiqiang et al 2000). This method was employed to measure nanoparticle pollution in major cities in Europe, North America, and in Asia.…”

Section: Fine Particle Roadway Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon Nanoparticles Formed in Flames and Diesel Engines

Dobbins

2007

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The formation of nanoparticles in laboratory hydrocarbon flames is reviewed in terms of particle morphology, chemical composition, and health hazards. The nascent nanoparticles in the nucleation mode have been widely reported in diverse laboratory flames, and are distinguished by their occurrence as singlet particles that form translucent images in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their sizes range from about 10 nm or more down to 2 to 3 nm, the limit of resolution of the TEM, and they possess a liquid-like quality. These particles are widely considered to be the precursor stage to the more readily observed carbonaceous aggregates consisting of chained primary particles that are opaque to the electron beam of the TEM. Nanoparticles sampled from the inverse diffusion flame and the particle effluent from diesel engines show a strong resemblance by GCMS analysis, and they contain many of the stabilomer PAHs and their isomers in the 200 to 302 atomic mass range. Many of these chemical species have high relative mutagenicities. Distinctive bimodal particle size distributions can be observed in both flame and engine samples. Recent TEM micrographs of diesel particulates show images of precursor-like nanoparticles, of as yet unknown chemical composition, that are formed in a diesel engine at many operating conditions.

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Section: Fine Particle Roadway Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon Nanoparticles Formed in Flames and Diesel Engines

Dobbins

2007

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…21 Total PAH include both gaseous and particulate phase compounds, and are thermally stable. 22 There are more than 100 PAH molecules; measurement of PPAH underestimates the total number of toxic PAH in the air. Portable real-time PAH monitors have been developed, calibrated against standard gas-chromatography /mass spectrometry methods, and deployed in environmental epidemiology studies.…”

Section: Ppahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respirable Particles and Carcinogens in the Air of Delaware Hospitality Venues Before and After a Smoking Ban

Repace

2004

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

167

145

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How do the concentrations of indoor air pollutants known to increase risk of respiratory disease, cancer, heart disease, and stroke change after a smoke-free workplace law? Real-time measurements were made of respirable particle (RSP) air pollution and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH), in a casino, six bars, and a pool hall before and after a smoking ban. Secondhand smoke contributed 90% to 95% of the RSP air pollution during smoking, and 85% to 95% of the carcinogenic PPAH, greatly exceeding levels of these contaminants encountered on major truck highways and polluted city streets. This air-quality survey demonstrates conclusively that the health of hospitality workers and patrons is endangered by tobacco smoke pollution. Smoke-free workplace laws eliminate that hazard and provide health protection impossible to achieve through ventilation or air cleaning.

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“…Lately, instruments responding to particle surface have become increasingly important (Bukowiecki et al, 2002;Shi, Harrison, & Evans, 2001;Zhiqiang et al, 2000;Woo, Chen, Pui, & Wilson, 2001), given the importance of particle surface on particle interaction with the environment. Of such instruments, PC provides a real-time response depending on surface chemistry while DC signal is also real time, practically not dependant on surface chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%