Nanoparticle contrast agents for computed tomography: a focus on micelles

Cormode, David P.; Naha, Pratap C.; Fayad, Zahi A.

doi:10.1002/cmmi.1551

Cited by 306 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…We selected four other candidate elements-ytterbium, tantalum, gold, and bismuth-because they are the most frequently cited in the literature as potential clinical CT contrast agents (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)31).…”

Section: Element Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CT Image Contrast of High-ZElements: Phantom Imaging Studies and Clinical Implications

Fitzgerald¹,

Colborn²,

Edic³

et al. 2016

Radiology

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Purpose:To quantify the computed tomographic (CT) image contrast produced by potentially useful contrast material elements in clinically relevant imaging conditions. Materials and Methods:Equal mass concentrations (grams of active element per milliliter of solution) of seven radiodense elements, including iodine, barium, gadolinium, tantalum, ytterbium, gold, and bismuth, were formulated as compounds in aqueous solutions. The compounds were chosen such that the active element dominated the x-ray attenuation of the solution. The solutions were imaged within a modified 32-cm CT dose index phantom at 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp at CT. To simulate larger body sizes, 0.2-, 0.5-, and 1.0-mmthick copper filters were applied. CT image contrast was measured and corrected for measured concentrations and presence of chlorine in some compounds. Results:Each element tested provided higher image contrast than iodine at some tube potential levels. Over the range of tube potentials that are clinically practical for averagesized and larger adults-that is, 100 kVp and higher-barium, gadolinium, ytterbium, and tantalum provided consistently increased image contrast compared with iodine, respectively demonstrating 39%, 56%, 34%, and 24% increases at 100 kVp; 39%, 66%, 53%, and 46% increases at 120 kVp; and 40%, 72%, 65%, and 60% increases at 140 kVp, with no added x-ray filter. Conclusion:The consistently high image contrast produced with 100-140 kVp by tantalum compared with bismuth and iodine at equal mass concentration suggests that tantalum could potentially be favorable for use as a clinical CT contrast agent.q RSNA, 2015

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Section: Element Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CT Image Contrast of High-ZElements: Phantom Imaging Studies and Clinical Implications

Fitzgerald¹,

Colborn²,

Edic³

et al. 2016

Radiology

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“…In our setup, we could detect aggregates in perinuclear areas of around 1-2 µm in diameter. Assuming a 50% loading efficiency and a gold-specific volumetric mass density of 19.3 g/cm 3 , we roughly estimate an uptake of the gold nanoparticles in the pg range (data not shown). Other groups that used more sophisticated methods such as the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry report on an uptake of gold nanoparticles in the fg range.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The use of positron emission tomography (PET) in combination with computed tomography (CT) is commonly used to image tumors in a size range of 0.5-1 cm 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 CT imaging either alone or in combination with PET could be further improved by using metal-based nanoparticles. 3 For application in humans, it is essential that the material of the nanoparticles is nontoxic, transportable in the blood and lymph system, biodegradable, and has a short half-life. Small nanosized gold particles in low mM ranges fulfill most of these criteria, and therefore, are in clinical use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging of Hsp70-positive tumors with cmHsp70.1 antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles

Gehrmann¹,

Kimm²,

Stangl³

et al. 2015

IJN

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Real-time imaging of small tumors is still one of the challenges in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of clinical outcome. Targeting novel biomarkers that are selectively expressed on a large variety of different tumors but not normal cells has the potential to improve the imaging capacity of existing methods such as computed tomography. Herein, we present a novel technique using cmHsp70.1 monoclonal antibody-conjugated spherical gold nanoparticles for quantification of the targeted uptake of gold nanoparticles into membrane Hsp70-positive tumor cells. Upon binding, cmHsp70.1-conjugated gold nanoparticles but not nanoparticles coupled to an isotype-matched IgG1 antibody or empty nanoparticles are rapidly taken up by highly malignant Hsp70 membrane-positive mouse tumor cells. After 24 hours, the cmHsp70.1-conjugated gold nanoparticles are found to be enriched in the perinuclear region. Specificity for membrane Hsp70 was shown by using an Hsp70 knockout tumor cell system. Toxic side effects of the cmHsp70.1-conjugated nanoparticles are not observed at a concentration of 1–10 µg/mL. Experiments are ongoing to evaluate whether cmHsp70.1 antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles are suitable for the detection of membrane-Hsp70-positive tumors in vivo.

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“…A cell-specific targeting ligand would facilitate the localization of nanoparticles in immune cells of interested. Inorganic metal nanoparticles are potential CT contrast agents, which includes AuNPs, iodine-based and bismuth-based nanoparticles [63] . AuNPs of 20 nm in diameter are reported as CT agents to in vivo image cancer-specific T cells.…”

Section: Computed Tomography Contrast Agentbased Labelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of targeting nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy and imaging

Wen¹,

Umeano

2017

Trends Immunother

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Cancer immunotherapy involves the delivery of immunogenic compounds and/or the priming, or induction, of the body's natural immune system to target cancer. The use of cancer immunotherapy has led to various means of cancer prevention and treatment that have produced prolonged life expectancy and stabilized disease. Nanoparticles are promising vehicles or adjuvants for effective delivery of therapeutics, antigens, stimulatory effectors, or antibodies for therapeutic invention. Targeting nanoparticles are especially useful due to their capability of accumulating in specific sites of interest like tumors and, thereby, decreasing risks of damage to normal tissue. Targeting can be achieved by incorporation of cell-surface related binding molecules or antibodies. This review explores the role of targeting nanoparticles as delivery or adjuvant systems to modulate immune response, and as imaging tracking systems for cancer immunotherapy. Keywords: nanoparticles; cancer immunotherapy; imaging; targeting ARTICLE INFO

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Nanoparticle contrast agents for computed tomography: a focus on micelles

Cited by 306 publications

References 171 publications

CT Image Contrast of High-ZElements: Phantom Imaging Studies and Clinical Implications

CT Image Contrast of High-ZElements: Phantom Imaging Studies and Clinical Implications

Imaging of Hsp70-positive tumors with cmHsp70.1 antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles

Role of targeting nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy and imaging

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