Nanoparticles and cars - analysis of potential sources

Uibel, Stefanie; Takemura, Masaya; Mueller, Daniel; Quarcoo, David; Klingelhoefer, Doris; Groneberg, David A.

doi:10.1186/1745-6673-7-13

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Yellow paint contributed from 0.3 to 1.0% of the airborne dust in Niigata, Japan (Fukuzaki et al, 1986). These and other studies have addressed traffic-related PM emissions in the context of air quality and human health, but only a few studies have focused on the occurrence and the materials properties of the NM fraction of these releases (Thorpe and Harrison, 2008;Uibel et al, 2012).…”

Section: Release Of Incidental Nanomaterials In the Urban Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor urban nanomaterials: The emergence of a new, integrated, and critical field of study

Baalousha

Yang

Vance

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are currently widely incorporated in the outdoor urban environmental fabric and numerous new applications and products containing ENMs are expected in the future. As has been shown repeatedly, products containing ENMs have the potential, at some point in their lifetime, to release ENMs into their surrounding environment. However, the expanding body in environmental nanomaterial research has not yet shifted toward ENMs in the context of the complex outdoor urban environment. This is especially surprising because the world's human populations are on a steady march toward more and more urbanization and technological development, accompanied with increased applications for ENMs in the outdoor urban environment. Our objective for this paper is therefore to review, assess, and provide new information in this emerging field. We provide an overview of nanomaterials (NMs, encompassing both ENMs and incidental nanomaterials, INMs) that are likely to be released in the urban environment from outdoor sources by discussing 1) the applications of ENMs that may lead to release of ENMs in urban areas, 2) the recently published data on the release of ENMs from novel nano-enabled applications in the outdoor urban environment, 3) the available literature on the occurrence of INMs in the atmosphere and within/on dust particles, and 4) the potential pathways and fate of NMs in the outdoor urban environment. This review is then followed by three case studies demonstrating the importance of NMs in the outdoor urban environment. The first and second case studies illustrate the occurrence of NMs in urban dust and stormwater ponds, respectively, whereas the third case study discusses the lessons learned from the release of NMs (e.g. Pt, ph and Rh) from automotive vehicle catalytic convertors. This article ends with a discussion of the research priorities needed to advance this emerging field of "outdoor urban nanomaterials" and to assess the potential risks of NMs in the context of urban environments.

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Section: Release Of Incidental Nanomaterials In the Urban Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor urban nanomaterials: The emergence of a new, integrated, and critical field of study

Baalousha

Yang

Vance

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The leaching phenomenon, which was described in the previous sections, attracts much attention in biology and ecology since palladium-containing catalysts are widely used in the human’s life. Automobile catalysts are the major sources of so-called traffic-related elements. , In addition, it has been shown that metallic species can be released from automotive brakes and organometallic fuel additives . Using a number of analytical methods, it has been established that the concentration of palladium in airborne particulate matter (PM 10 ) can vary within a wide range from 0.1 pg/m 3 to more than 650 pg/m 3 .…”

Section: Formation and Interconversion Of Catalytic Species During Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic C–C and C–Heteroatom Bond Formation Reactions: In Situ Generated or Preformed Catalysts? Complicated Mechanistic Picture Behind Well-Known Experimental Procedures

2013

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In situ generated catalysts and preformed catalysts are two practical strategies widely used in cross-coupling methodology that have long been considered to involve the same active species in the catalytic cycle. Recent mechanistic studies have revealed two fundamentally different pictures of catalytic reactions in solution. Preformed catalysts with strongly bound ligands initiate transformations mainly involving single type of metal species. In contrast, in situ generated catalysts give rise to cocktail-type systems with different metal species presented in solution. The role of catalyst precursor, interconversions of catalytic species during reaction, stability and recycling of catalyst, catalysis by autocatalyst exhaust and plausible sources of metal-containing contaminants are the key points discussed in this review.

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“…Because of its solubility, palladium can be mobilized into the environment and become biologically available and therefore can have an effect on flora and fauna [8]. It is commonly accepted that the exhausted particulate matter contains PGM nanoparticles that could pose a threat and have a not yet fully explored negative effect on health and environment [9]. Kińska et al showed that Pd nanoparticles are taken up and accumulated in plant tissues such as Sinapis alba [10] but seem to not have an influence on plant growth and morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of PVP-Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles by XRD, SAXS, SP-ICP-MS, and SEM

Walbrück

Kuellmer

Witzleben

et al. 2019

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Due to increased emissions of palladium nanoparticles in recent years, it is important to develop analytical techniques to characterize these particles. The synthesis of defined and stable particles plays a key role in this process, as there are not many materials commercially available yet which could act as reference materials. Polyvinylpyrrolidone- (PVP-) stabilized palladium nanoparticles were synthesized through the reduction of palladium chloride by tetraethylene glycol (TEG) in the presence of KOH. Four different methods were used for particle size analysis of the palladium nanoparticles. Palladium suspensions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), single-particle ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Secondary particles between 30 nm and 130 nm were detected in great compliance with SAXS and SP-ICP-MS. SEM analysis showed that the small particulates tend to form agglomerates.

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Nanoparticles and cars - analysis of potential sources

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Outdoor urban nanomaterials: The emergence of a new, integrated, and critical field of study

Outdoor urban nanomaterials: The emergence of a new, integrated, and critical field of study

Catalytic C–C and C–Heteroatom Bond Formation Reactions: In Situ Generated or Preformed Catalysts? Complicated Mechanistic Picture Behind Well-Known Experimental Procedures

Synthesis and Characterization of PVP-Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles by XRD, SAXS, SP-ICP-MS, and SEM

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