2021
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-12051-5_4
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Nanoparticles as Catalyst for Asphaltenes and Waste Heavy Hydrocarbons Upgrading

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(2 citation statements)
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“…110,111 This phenomenon is the major source of concern for the oil industry, as it can lead to production losses, formation damage, flow line clogs, decreased reservoir recovery, and considerable increases in operating expenses. 112 The effectiveness of the employed solvents depends on their ability to evaporate and condense under conditions resembling those of the water phase. 113−116 This efficiency is illustrated in the comparison of methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, and hexane (frequently used as light hydrocarbon solvents), where hexane and octane have a vaporization temperature approaching that of water.…”
Section: Thermal Eormentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…110,111 This phenomenon is the major source of concern for the oil industry, as it can lead to production losses, formation damage, flow line clogs, decreased reservoir recovery, and considerable increases in operating expenses. 112 The effectiveness of the employed solvents depends on their ability to evaporate and condense under conditions resembling those of the water phase. 113−116 This efficiency is illustrated in the comparison of methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, and hexane (frequently used as light hydrocarbon solvents), where hexane and octane have a vaporization temperature approaching that of water.…”
Section: Thermal Eormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The reduction in bitumen viscosity due to solvent dissolution is primarily governed by the transfer of solvent mass and heat conduction within the reservoir, forming the primary mechanism for solvent implementation . However, the reduction in bitumen viscosity when mixed with solvents, produces the precipitation of asphaltenes and heavy metals. , This phenomenon is the major source of concern for the oil industry, as it can lead to production losses, formation damage, flow line clogs, decreased reservoir recovery, and considerable increases in operating expenses …”
Section: Thermal Eormentioning
confidence: 99%