Nanoparticles During Laser Cleaning of Decoration Samples of Sigismund's Chapel

Barcikowski, Stephan; Walter, Jürgen; Ostendorf, Andreas; Ostrowski, Roman; Marczak, J.; Strzelec, Marek

doi:10.1142/9789812706843_0009

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Fumes containing submicron and nanoparticulate matter are released during ultrashort pulsed laser ablation [1][2][3][4][5], for instance during the structuring of ceramic micromolds [6]. Results on the influence of laser parameters on the particle size distributions using fs laser pulses have already been demonstrated [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mass rate and relative concentration of nanoparticle emission is influenced by laser parameters e.g. pulse energy or pulse overlap [9], and may increase up to 99% of the total particulate emission for shorter laser pulses [4]. Currently there are only few data on the parameters influencing the generation of nanoparticles during ultrashort pulsed laser ablation even if the release of these inhalable particles may cause health risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health risks of nanoparticulate emissions during femtosecond and picosecond pulsed laser machining

2009

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Nanoparticles are known to cause adverse health effects. But the generation of nanoparticles cannot be avoided during laser machining, especially ultrashort-pulsed laser ablation which releases a high share of nanoparticles.The nanoparticulate size fractions emitted during picosecond (ps) laser ablation are compared with those released during femtosecond (fs) laser ablation using steel, zirconia and brass. At the same pulse energy, fs pulses release similar share of nanoparticles (>80%) in the aerosol fraction, with fs compared to ps generating a far higher share of ultrasmall (7 nm) sized particles during machining of metals and ceramics. The frequency maximum corresponds to the particle size of 50 nm independently of the ablated material and applied pulse duration. During ps laser ablation the absolute nanoparticle emission rate is higher than during fs laser ablation, whereas the emission rate per pulse is two magnitudes lower. Finally, the nanoparticle emission rates and its nanoparticle surface equivalent for ps and fs laser micromachining of metal and ceramic are compared with inflammatory thresholds derived from toxicology studies. It would take more than 6.500 working days to exceed this theoretical threshold of inflammation during laser operation at 0.5-2W and at least 260 working days using high-power lasers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risks of nanoparticulate emissions during femtosecond and picosecond pulsed laser machining

2009

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“…It is well known that the fume produced during pulsed laser ablation, for example during the structuring of ceramic micromolds, contains a significant nanoparticulate share [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Results on the influence of laser parameters on the particle size distributions using fs laser pulses have already been presented [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results on the influence of laser parameters on the particle size distributions using fs laser pulses have already been presented [7,8]. The mass rate and relative concentration of nanoparticle emission is influenced by the laser parameters as well, including pulse duration and pulse overlap [9], and may rise to 99% of the total particulate emission for shorter laser pulses [4]. Currently there are only few data on the parameters influencing the generation of nanoparticles during ultrashort pulsed laser ablation even if the release of these inhalable particles may constitute a strong health risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picosecond and femtosecond laser machining may cause health risks related to nanoparticle emission

Walter¹,

Barcikowski²,

Hahn³

et al. 2009

International Laser Safety Conference

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It is well known that nanoparticles are generated as by-products during ultrashort-pulsed laser ablation. Airborne nanoparticulate matter is well known as potential health risk when workers are exposed during operation of laser machinery. In order to provide safety-related statements on nanoparticles generated during laser micromachining, we studied the particle size distribution during picosecond (ps) and femtosecond (fs) laser ablation. At the same pulse energy, fs pulses release similar share of nanoparticles (>80%) in the aerosol fraction, with fs compared to ps generating a far higher share 7 nm sized particles during machining of metals (steel, brass) and ceramics (zirconia). These nanoparticles sampled at the workplace have the same chemical composition than the ablated material (iron-chromium-nickel alloy, yttria-doped zirconia). A quantitative risk assessment is carried and compared with indicators of toxicological effects of inhaled nanoparticles. The surface equivalent of the nanoparticles dispersed in the air of the workplace is not likely to exceed the surface dose which cause inflammatory response in animal lung. But within one 8 h shift, the background level is exceeded by a factor of 20 so that efficient fume extraction is strongly recommended for safe operation during fs and pf laser micromachining even in research laboratories.

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“…In contrast to the laser generation of nanoparticles using continuous wave CO 2 lasers (e.g. [15,16]), nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG lasers [17], or UV-lasers [18,19], the conversion of a bulk material into nanoparticles using ultrashort laser pulses is based on completely different material ablation processes [20]. This is due to the fact that laser pulses with the duration below 10 picoseconds cause a minimal thermal load to the material [21].…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanocomposite manufacturing using ultrashort-pulsed laser ablation in solvents and monomers

Barcikowski

Hustedt²,

Chichkov³

2008

Polimery

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On the basic of literature data on ablation was characterized as a method of nanoparticles preparation. The own research concerned the direct ultrafast laser ablation of solids used to produce the engineering nanoparticles with narrow size distributions. Without using any chemical precursors, stoichiometric nanoparticles are generated from different materials (silver, gold, NiTi alloy) and directly dispersed in a liquid, e.g. acrylic acid, acetone, water, or a monomer of polymeric material. The produced nanoparticle solutions may be used to fabricate nano-modified plastic materials with specially designed properties by polymerization directly subsequent to particles' production, without the necessity to re-disperse the particle aggregates. In order to control the size distribution and related properties, nanomaterial characterization using on-line measurements of the particle size is applied. The developed processes give access to new homogeneous nanomaterials such as multi-component nanosystems.

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Nanoparticles During Laser Cleaning of Decoration Samples of Sigismund's Chapel

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Health risks of nanoparticulate emissions during femtosecond and picosecond pulsed laser machining

Health risks of nanoparticulate emissions during femtosecond and picosecond pulsed laser machining

Picosecond and femtosecond laser machining may cause health risks related to nanoparticle emission

Nanocomposite manufacturing using ultrashort-pulsed laser ablation in solvents and monomers

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