Nanoparticles in caries prevention: A review

Abstract

Nanotechnology is the branch of engineering that uses molecular machines with precise structures that are less than or equal to 0.1 μm in size. The word nano denotes 10 to the power of minus nine or 1 billionth. Treatment options for dental caries have been extensively studied; among them, the role of nanoparticles is of recent interest. Nanoparticles have shown promising results in the field of caries prevention because of their unique physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics. Nanosized systems have distinctive properties due to their increased surface-to-volume ratio and increased bioavailability toward cells and tissues. Furthermore, improved surface area results in better mechanical interlocking of nanoparticles to the resin matrix. They prevent dental caries by antimicrobial, remineralizing, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Although many nanoparticles have been studied for their role in caries prevention, only a few materials which were extensively studied are included in this review.

Bionanocomposites in Caries Prevention and Treatment

“…Better results are attained when both approaches are combined. [ 2 4 8 17 23 ] Also, the nanocomposites with NACP + QADM + NAg not only have the dual benefits of remineralization and antibacterial effect but also possesses mechanical properties similar to conventional composites. [ 20 ] Application of MDPB + Nag into adhesives, sealants, cements, and composites act as anti-biofilm agents.…”

“…Although there have been several studies that reveal nanoparticles to be beneficial, there is a dearth of documented clinical trials on nanocomposites and their clinical applications for caries prevention. [ 2 ] Further research is necessary to disclose the performance of nanoparticles in the oral environment.…”

“…The salivary concentration of calcium and phosphate ions can also reduce the demineralization process. [ 2 ]…”

“…Nanocomposites differ mechanically from conventional composites due to their extremely high surface-to-volume ratio by penetrating the bacterial cell effectively, causing the breakdown of the extracellular polysaccharide matrix. [ 2 7 8 ]…”

Efficacy of Nano Silver Fluoride and/or Diode Laser In Enhancing Enamel Anticariogenicity around orthodontic brackets

“…Depending on the fact that nano-sized particles have resemblance to the apatite crystals of tooth enamel in morphology and crystal structure, numerous studies established that using fluoride nanoparticles is significantly superior to usual fluoride in preventing dental caries [ 17 ]. On other hand, silver nanoparticles were also stated to be effective in caries prevention [ 18 – 20 ], thanks to silver nanoparticles innovate antimicrobial and cariostatic properties that were proved to work against dental decay pathogens [ 21 ].…”