Nanoporous Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose-g-poly (Sodium Acrylate)/FeCl3 Hydrogel Beads: Synthesis and Characterization

Abstract

Novel sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly (sodium acrylate)/Ferric chloride (CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3) nanoporous hydrogel beads were prepared based on the ionic cross-linking between CMC-g-PNaA and FeCl3. The structure of CMC and CMC-g-PNaA were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the elemental composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The physicochemical properties of the CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The swelling percentage of hydrogel beads was studied at different time periods. The obtained CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads exhibited a higher nanoporous morphology than those of CMC-g-PNaA and CMC beads. Furthermore, an AFM image of the CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 beads shows granule type topology. Compared to the CMC-g-PNaA (189 °C), CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads exhibited improvement in thermal stability (199 °C). Furthermore, CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads depicted a higher swelling percentage capacity of around 1452%, as compared to CMC-g-PNaA (1096%). Moreover, this strategy with preliminary results could be useful for the development of polysaccharide-based hybrid hydrogel beads for various potential applications.

Preparation of environment‐friendly hydrophilic rubber from natural rubber grafted with sodium acrylate by reactive melt mixing

“…After that, the radicals on the carbon atom of the grafted NaAA monomer could attack the C=C bonds of adjacent NaAA monomers in the system, to polymerize them and yield the long P(NaAA) chains due to the easy self-polymerization of NaAA. [56] This result corresponds well with Kumar et al, [57] who reported that carboxymethyl cellulose was grafted by P(NaAA) (CMC-g-P(NaAA), as confirmed by the characteristic signals of PAA structure on CMC-g-P(NaAA) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Shi et al [58] also found the peak area of poly(AA) grafting on LLDPE using reactive extrusion, indicating that the homopolymerization occurred during the grafting process.…”

A Concise Review on Taro Mucilage: Extraction Techniques, Chemical Composition, Characterization, Applications, and Health Attributes

“…Foaming properties are influenced by a variety of parameters, including the presence of various chemicals in carbohydrates, structure, protein content, and molecular weight. The flexible structure of mucilage, which can minimize surface tension, is closely linked to its excellent foaming capacity [ 52 ].…”

Facile Syntheses of Physically Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogels and Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Enhancing Water Absorbency and Adsorption of Sappan Wood Dye

“…The hydrogel storage moduli are related to valency of the metal ions, their binding strength with carboxymethyl groups on the polymer chain, and the choice of cations. Thus, CMC can be ionically crosslinked with any divalent or trivalent counter ions of the opposite charges, namely Ca II , Al III , and Fe III to form physically crosslinked hydrogels [12–17] . Trivalent Al III ion (AlCl 3 ⋅ 6H 2 O) was preferentially selected to do the physical crosslinker that are able to form an insoluble hydrogel with a smaller concentration compared to those of Ca II and Fe III as brownish color product obtained [17,18] .…”

“…Thus, CMC can be ionically crosslinked with any divalent or trivalent counter ions of the opposite charges, namely Ca II , Al III , and Fe III to form physically crosslinked hydrogels. [12][13][14][15][16][17] Trivalent Al III ion (AlCl 3 ⋅ 6H 2 O) was preferentially selected to do the physical crosslinker that are able to form an insoluble hydrogel with a smaller concentration compared to those of Ca II and Fe III as brownish color product obtained. [17,18] However, the physically crosslinked hydrogels usually provide poor mechanical properties than do the chemically (covalently) crosslinked reactions.…”

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17] Trivalent Al III ion (AlCl 3 ⋅ 6H 2 O) was preferentially selected to do the physical crosslinker that are able to form an insoluble hydrogel with a smaller concentration compared to those of Ca II and Fe III as brownish color product obtained. [17,18] However, the physically crosslinked hydrogels usually provide poor mechanical properties than do the chemically (covalently) crosslinked reactions. [19] Such adverse effects can be improved by selection of chelating agents.…”