Nanoscale Precursor Sites and their Importance in the Prediction of Stress Corrosion Cracking Failure

Persaud, S.Y.; Smith, J.; Newman, R.C.

doi:10.5006/2928

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The nature of the crack precursor depends on the material-environment system. Examples from nuclear applications have been described recently by Persuad et al [2] and by Bruemmer et al [3]. Here, examples from our own work in Figure 2 highlight the varied nature of crack precursors.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Reflections on Early Stages of Environmentally Assisted Cracking from Corrosion Pits

Turnbull

2021

CMD

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A perspective is presented on the evolution of damage due to environmentally assisted cracking (EAC), from crack precursor development through to long crack growth. The variable nature of crack precursors is highlighted with an observation that uncontrolled chemistry excursions or fabrication defects could eliminate any significant delay associated with that step in the damage evolution process. Specimen preparation by machining and grinding can be critical in determining the apparent susceptibility of the metal to EAC and corrosion, and an example for 316L stainless steel is given to show how physical defects generated by the grinding wheel can become the dominant site for pitting attack relative to MnS inclusions. Corrosion pits are the most commonly observed precursor to cracks in aqueous chloride environments. The loci of sites of crack initiation around a pit are discussed and the inherent challenges in quantifying the growth of cracks smaller than the pit depth described with implications for modelling of the pit-to-crack transition. The remarkably enhanced stress corrosion crack growth rate data for short and small cracks in a 12Cr steam turbine blade in a simulated condensate environment are discussed in the context of crack electrochemistry modelling and the implications for engineering integrity.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Reflections on Early Stages of Environmentally Assisted Cracking from Corrosion Pits

Turnbull

2021

CMD

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“…4 Experimental evidence has confirmed that Fe, Ni, Cr and their alloys can act as catalysts for SO 4 2− reduction reactions at high temperature. 11,15 In addition to PWR condition, SO 4 2− can be reduced to S In laboratory test, during the anodic polarization of metal during immersion in aqueous solution containing S x , S 2 O 6 2− can be generated at high potential due to the oxidation of low valence S x . 24 Sulfite (SO 3 2− ).-Sulfite (SO 3 2− ) is not present in the feed water of secondary side of PWR, but it may stem from the oxidation of S 2− in the presence of oxygen during PWR shutdown, thus occurring at HTC occluded sites.…”

Section: Sulfate (So 4 2−mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several articles reviewing S x -induced corrosion and S x -SCC have been published in the past years. [8][9][10][11][12] IGSCC of austenitic sensitized SS in S x environment at temperatures below 100 • C was explored, 8 the role of S 2 O 3 2− on steel corrosion at low temperature was reviewed, 9 and intergranular attack (IGA) and IGSCC of Alloys 600 and 690 in high-temperature acidic solutions containing SO 4 2− and Cl − were reviewed. 10 Recent advances using electrochemical methods coupled with surface analysis have resulted in an improved understanding of interactions of SG passive film with electrolytes at microscale.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Factors Influencing Sulfur Induced Corrosion on the Secondary Side in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs)

Xia

Behnamian

Luo

2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The work presented in this review paper is part of a project to investigate corrosion degradation of steam generator (SG) tubing and tube support materials by sulfur compounds at reduced or intermediate oxidation levels (designated here as S x ). The stability of these S x species in aqueous solutions is discussed, and the electrochemical and chemical interactions between S x and metallic surfaces and the subsequent impact of these interactions on metal corrosion are reviewed. Factors influencing S x -induced uniform corrosion, passivity breakdown and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) considered here include: pH, electrode potential, temperature, S x species, alloy compositions and other impurity ions like Cl − .

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“…The applied stress can shift the pitting potential of 304 SS to a more negative value in 1 M HCl at room temperature (Suter et al, 2001). Meanwhile, the stress and strain concentration at the pitting area changed with the pitting morphology, determined by corrosive environments (Horner et al, 2011;Spencer et al, 2014;Parkins, 1996;Persaud et al, 2019;Lu et al, 2020). The LA FIGURE 4 | Stress-strain curves of HP-13Cr SS in the FW at 25°C/N 2 atmosphere and at (A) 95°C/2.8MPa CO 2 and (B) 120°C/3.2 MPa CO 2 after LA immersion, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Acidizing Process on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of HP-13Cr Stainless Steel in the Ultra-depth Well Environment

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Mater.

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The effect of acidizing process on the stress corrosion cracking of HP-13Cr stainless steel in the ultra-depth well environment was studied by the slow strain rate test, the electrochemical measurement, the microstructure observation, and the finite element modeling. The results indicated that the acidizing process significantly increased the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of HP-13Cr stainless steel and induced the fracture mode to the brittle characteristic in the high temperature and CO2 pressure environment. The stress corrosion cracking susceptibility also increased with the increase of temperature and CO2 pressure. There were dense defects including pits and cracks in the fracture section from the transverse view. After the acidizing process, under tensile stress condition, the increasing roughness will cause the stress concentration and promote the local anodic dissolution, which induces the initiation of stress corrosion cracking.

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Nanoscale Precursor Sites and their Importance in the Prediction of Stress Corrosion Cracking Failure

Cited by 16 publications

References 79 publications

Reflections on Early Stages of Environmentally Assisted Cracking from Corrosion Pits

Reflections on Early Stages of Environmentally Assisted Cracking from Corrosion Pits

Review—Factors Influencing Sulfur Induced Corrosion on the Secondary Side in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs)

Effect of Acidizing Process on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of HP-13Cr Stainless Steel in the Ultra-depth Well Environment

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