Nanoscale silicon surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: environment stability and activation by simple vacuum oven desiccation

Tsao, Chia Wen; Lin, Yashen; Chen, Pi Yu; Yang, Yu Liang; Tan, Say Hwa

doi:10.1039/c6an00659k

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A vacuum oven desiccation process can activate the nSi surface and further enhance MS detection sensitivity (up to 1000 times) for up to three months. 31 We then simply imprinted the microbial sample back side onto the nSi surface and then removed the sample before collecting IMS data (Figure 1B and Supporting Video). To facilitate the analytes transferred from the microbial sample to the nSi surface without bubble interference, the nSi substrate was rinsed with methanol quickly, then dried by nitrogen gas prior to imprinting.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrogen gas and vacuum storage inhibited nSi surface oxidation and maintained the high surface wettability to provide better MS desorption/ionization efficiency. A vacuum oven desiccation process can activate the nSi surface and further enhance MS detection sensitivity (up to 1000 times) for up to three months . We then simply imprinted the microbial sample back side onto the nSi surface and then removed the sample before collecting IMS data (Figure B and Supporting Video).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method was modified from Tsao’s reports. − P-type (100) six-inch silicon wafers with 1–100 Ω cm resistivity that were pretreated with e-beam deposition of 3 nm of Au (Figure C) were purchased from Advanced Furnace Systems Corp. (Tainan County, Taiwan). Hydrofluoric acid (HF, 49%) was purchased from Sigma.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ordered silicon nanocavity arrays have been developed for small-molecule analysis . Nanostructured silicon (nSi) was reported by Tsao et al to have better signal intensity than DIOS. − The combination of nSi and dynamic electrowetting provided a limit of detection (LOD) to the order of several attomoles for various model peptides . In this study we decided to apply the nSi substrate for microbial IMS because (1) it is a cost-effective method without a complex process, as nSi is simply produced via metal-assisted chemical etching; (2) nSi is easily chemically modified; and (3) it is easy to produce a suitable amount of nSi with high yields required to be compatible with the areas of interest for microbial IMS.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Exploration of Fungal Metabolic Interactions Using Imaging Mass Spectrometry on Nanostructured Silicon

et al. 2018

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Application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry to microbiology and natural product research has opened the door to the exploration of microbial interactions and the consequent discovery of new natural products and their functions in the interactions. However, several drawbacks of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry have limited its application especially to complicated and uneven microbial samples. Here, we applied nanostructured silicon as a substrate for surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for microbial imaging mass spectrometry to explore fungal metabolic interactions. We chose Phellinus noxius and Aspergillus strains to evaluate the potential of microbial imaging mass spectrometry on nanostructured silicon because both fungi produce a dense mass of aerial mycelia, which is known to complicate the collection of high-quality imaging mass spectrometry data. Our simple and straightforward sample imprinting method and low background interference resulted in an efficient analysis of small metabolites from the complex microbial interaction samples.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploration of Fungal Metabolic Interactions Using Imaging Mass Spectrometry on Nanostructured Silicon

et al. 2018

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“…Nanophotonic ionization using nanoscale silicon materials to perform surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS enables matrix-free analysis of small molecules with low detection limits. The architecture of the silicon structures has been shown to have a significant effect on ionization efficiency 84 and sensitivity. 85 The technique’s applicability to single cell analysis was demonstrated by the Vertes lab; 86 using nanophotonic ionization to analyze individual yeast cells deposited on a nanopost array chip, they achieved detection of analytes in the zeptomole range.…”

Section: Characterization Methods In Small-volume Neurometabolomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Cell Neurometabolomics

Meng

Philip

Yang

et al. 2017

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Metabolomics, the characterization of metabolites and their changes within biological systems, has seen great technological and methodological progress over the past decade. Most metabolomic experiments involve the characterization of the small-molecule content of fluids or tissue homogenates. While these microliter and larger volume metabolomic measurements can characterize hundreds to thousands of compounds, the coverage of molecular content decreases as sample sizes are reduced to the nanoliter and even to the picoliter volume range. Recent progress has enabled the ability to characterize the major molecules found within specific individual cells. Especially within the brain, a myriad of cell types are colocalized, and oftentimes only a subset of these cells undergo changes in both healthy and pathological states. Here we highlight recent progress in mass spectrometry-based approaches used for single cell metabolomics, emphasizing their application to neuroscience research. Single cell studies can be directed to measuring differences between members of populations of similar cells (e.g., oligodendrocytes), as well as characterizing differences between cell types (e.g., neurons and astrocytes), and are especially useful for measuring changes occurring during different behavior states, exposure to diets and drugs, neuronal activity, and disease. When combined with other omics approaches such as transcriptomics, and with morphological and physiological measurements, single cell metabolomics aids fundamental neurochemical studies, has great potential in pharmaceutical development, and should improve the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases.

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Structuring of Si into Multiple Scales by Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching

Srivastava

Khang

2021

Advanced Materials

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classified into two common approaches: bottom-up chemical synthesis, such as vapor-liquid-solid growth, [16][17][18][19][20] and topdown fabrication schemes. [21][22][23] This review will focus on the top-down fabrication of Si structures using a wet chemical etching technique aided with a metal catalyst, called metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE). [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] In comparison with top down fabrication methods based on dry etching using a reactive plasma in vacuum, MaCE is less expensive and less complex. [33][34][35] MaCE is a nano-scale reductionoxidation (redox) process that usually occurs in aqueous solution where the sample to be etched is in contact with the etchant. MaCE is a simple, cost-effective, and versatile method to produce Si nanostructures; due to these attractive features, there have been many good review articles published on the process. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] With two-decades of research of the MaCE and its innovative variations, recent studies have focused on the various applications of Si nanostructures prepared by MaCE, including photovoltaics, [43,44] thermoelectrics and piezoelectric nanogenerators, [45] energy storage, [46][47][48] nanophotonics and optoelectronics, [49] and biosensors and biomedical applications. [50][51][52] In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in MaCE processes and their novel applications. To differentiate this review from previous review articles, the main emphasis is on the recently developed novel MaCE processes and the macroscale structuring of Si by MaCE. We begin the review by describing new MaCE processes, particularly catalysts for MaCE. In contrast to well-known noble metal catalysts, such as Ag, Au, and Pt, carbon-based catalysts, such as graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes, have been successfully applied as catalysts for MaCE. In addition, TiN has been found to be a catalyst for MaCE, making the whole process CMOS-compatible. Different types of etch additives, such as various alcohols and chlorides, have also been discussed, which enhance etch uniformity by increasing the wettability of etchants and suppressing the random diffusion of excessive (holes) h + by trapping them for better etch control. Recent novel variations of the MaCE process have been introduced, such as MaCE with externally applied electric or magnetic fields. The external field has a profound effect on the output of MaCE, by controlling the etch directionality and etch rate. In addition, MaCE can be combined with unconventional patterning techniques, StructuringSi, ranging from nanoscale to macroscale feature dimensions, is essential for many applications. Metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE) has been developed as a simple, low-cost, and scalable method to produce structures across widely different dimensions. The process involves various parameters, such as catalyst, substrate doping type and level, crystallography, etchant formulation, and etch additives. Careful optimization of these parameters is the key to the succe...

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Nanoscale silicon surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: environment stability and activation by simple vacuum oven desiccation

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Exploration of Fungal Metabolic Interactions Using Imaging Mass Spectrometry on Nanostructured Silicon

Exploration of Fungal Metabolic Interactions Using Imaging Mass Spectrometry on Nanostructured Silicon

Single Cell Neurometabolomics

Structuring of Si into Multiple Scales by Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching

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