Nanosponge for Enhancing Solubility and Bioavailability of Oral Drugs: Review

Abstract

New developments in nanoparticle-based oral medicine have resulted in a profusion of studies to improve the solubility, permeability, and chemical stability of various medications. Nanosponges (NSs) are one type of carriers utilized in this many carrier systems. NSs are nanosized carriers with a sponge-like shape. They have hydrophilic cavities and hydrophobic branches, which aid in the loading of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic medicines. Nano-sponges have a 3-dimensional network and a nanometric cavity size. NSs are very porous, with the capacity to entrap active moieties and the advantage of controlled release. These tiny sponges circulate in the body to reach a specific place and release the medicine in a controlled and predictable manner, assisting in the resolution of numerous issues such as drug toxicity and low bioavailability. One of their significant impacts is the ability to enhance oral absorption and bioavailability. The primary goal of this review is to provide brief updates on NSs for increasing medicine oral absorption as well as their evolutions in loading drugs for enhancing their oral deliverability and treatment of a variety of diseases.