Nanostructured Carbons: Towards Soft‐Bioelectronics, Biosensing and Theraputic Applications

Abstract

Recently, nanostructured carbon‐based soft bioelectronics and biosensors have received tremendous attention due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. The ultrahigh specific surface area, high flexibility, lightweight, high electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility of 1D and 2D nanocarbons, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, are advantageous for bioelectronics applications. These materials improve human life by delivering therapeutic advancements in gene, tumor, chemo, photothermal, immune, radio, and precision therapies. They are also utilized in biosensing platforms, including optical and electrochemical biosensors to detect cholesterol, glucose, pathogenic bacteria (e. g., coronavirus), and avian leucosis virus. This review summarizes the most recent advancements in bioelectronics and biosensors by exploiting the outstanding characteristics of nanocarbon materials. The synthesis and biocompatibility of nanocarbon materials are briefly discussed. In the following sections, applications of graphene and CNTs for different therapies and biosensing are elaborated. Finally, the key challenges and future perspectives of nanocarbon materials for biomedical applications are highlighted.

Carbon-based nanomaterials against SARS-CoV-2: Therapeutic and diagnostic applications

“…In the top-down method, a precursor material is cut into the nanoscopic size by using different chemical and physical procedures. In the top-down techniques, the breakdown of carbonaceous materials such as CNTs, graphene, GOs, and fullerenes can be performed through different procedures such as electrochemical oxidation, liquid Phase exfoliation, chemical ablation, and laser beam/ion beam treatment [27] . The bottom-up assays use atomic precursors to synthesis nanocarbon materials.…”

Advances in two‐dimensional engineered nanomaterials applications for the agro‑ and food‐industries

“…Carbon nanomaterials are among the most popular and most investigated nanostructures. From the experimental discovery of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 3,4 and fullerenes, 5 to the report on the experimental stability of a monolayer graphene sheet, 6 their exceptional properties found first by theoretical approaches, and later analyzed experimentally, have attracted considerable attention from many areas in industry due to the potential developments in electronics, 7,8 composite materials, 9,10 bioengineering, 11,12 energy, 13,14 and other multidisciplinary areas. After many years, though, it has been a challenge to deliver nanocarbon-based devices, given the difficulty of mass production of high-quality nanostructures.…”

Personalized Physiological Medicine as the Future of Intensive Care Medicine

“…To create these biosensors capable not only of providing additional diagnostic elements, but also of providing drug therapy according to a new concepttheragnostic drug delivery -new generations of nanoparticles with intracellular adhesion, communication, and mobility control mechanisms are needed. Emerging technologies, such as specific carbon nanotube (CNT) materials or biomolecules derived from cells, bacteria, or viruses embedded in the electronic compo-nent of biosensors (synthetic biology), with the ability to emit signals when they reach their therapeutic target, can be used to achieve this goal [9].…”