Nanostructured cobalt antimonate: a fast responsive and highly stable sensing material for liquefied petroleum gas detection at room temperature

Abstract

Modulation in electrical resistance of the sensing layer due to interaction (adsorption and reactions) with LPG.

Synthesis of ZnAl2O4 and Evaluation of the Response in Propane Atmospheres of Pellets and Thick Films Manufactured with Powders of the Oxide

“…That caused variations in the semiconductor’s electrical resistance (or conductivity) and the increase of the sensor’s response [ 5 , 14 , 15 , 36 ]. The trend shown in Figure 10 is consistent with the results of similar oxides reported in the literature [ 2 , 5 , 36 , 43 ].…”

“…The response depicted in Figure 11 and Figure 12 is commonly observed in type-n semiconductor oxides [ 33 ] when they are exposed to atmospheres similar to ours [ 14 , 43 ]. Again, we consider that the increase in operating temperature (in our case from 200 to 300 °C) was a determining factor in the pellet’s response due to the presence of oxygen during the tests.…”

“…References [ 2 , 46 ] report that several oxygen species appear as a consequence of the temperature during gas detection experiments: when testing at temperatures below 150 °C, the predominant oxygen species is , while at temperatures greater than 150 °C, the predominant oxygen species are and , which are more reactive than [ 5 , 36 , 46 ]; oxygen reactions produced at temperatures above 150 °C (in our case 200 and 300 °C) cause an increase in the reaction kinetics of the gas molecules on the pellet surfaces and thereby a sensitivity increase. It has been reported that other factors that affect the test gas chemisorption are both the presence of oxygen and the material’s microstructure (size and morphology) [ 47 ] since if the particle size is less than 2 times the thickness of the outer layer (L S ), the adsorbed oxygen species are those that lead to a greater material’s response [ 43 , 48 ], as occurred in our case.…”

“…In general, the response of a semiconductor material (such as the one studied in this work) is based on the mechanism that involves changes in the conductance (or electrical resistance) produced by the electron transfer that occurs during chemical adsorption [ 8 , 14 , 43 ]. Depending on the semiconductor type (p or n), the surface charge carriers may increase or decrease, as appropriate [ 14 ].…”

Modelling of accidental phenomena related to leakage and tank rupture of a vehicle converted to LPG

“…The LPG comprises propane and butane, has emerged mainly because of its attributes, its flexibility of use, given its high calorific value and its nonpolluting appearance because it does not contain sulfur. To note, also that LPG is an interesting petrochemical charge for polymer manufacturing (Singh et al, 2020;Mora et al, 2019). This fuel is used in several applications thanks to many advantages such as the reasonable yield of its storage, transport, the security of supply, its competitive cost and ecological superiority.…”