Nanostructured fumarate copolymer‐chitosan crosslinked scaffold: Anin vitroosteochondrogenesis regeneration study

Abstract

In the tissue engineering field, the design of the scaffold inspired on the natural occurring tissue is of vital importance. Ideally, the scaffold surface must promote cell growth and differentiation, while promote angiogenesis in the in vivo implant of the scaffold. On the other hand, the material selection must be biocompatible and the degradation times should meet tissue reparation times. In the present work, we developed a nanofibrous scaffold based on chitosan crosslinked with diisopropylfumarate-vinyl acetate copolymer using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. We have previously demonstrated its biocompatibility properties with low cytotoxicity and proper degradation times. Now, we extended our studies to demonstrate that it can be successfully nanostructured using the AAO templates methodology, obtaining a nanorod-like scaffold with a diameter comparable to those of collagen fibers of the bone matrix (170 and 300 nm). The nanorods obtained presented a very homogeneous pattern in diameter and length, and supports cell attachment and growth. We also found that both osteoblastic and chondroblastic matrix production were promoted on bone marrow progenitor cells and primary condrocytes growing on the scaffolds, respectively. In addition, the nanostructured scaffold presented no cytotoxicity as it was evaluated using a model of macrophages on culture. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 570-579, 2018.

Nanobiocomposite based on natural polyelectrolytes for bone regeneration

“…For in vitro experiment we used bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells (BMPC) and murine macrophage RAW 264.7 . The last cell line it is accepted as a model to emulate the inflammatory response “in vitro” and it has been previously used in our laboratory for the evaluation of possible cytotoxicity in the nBioC (Bravi Costantino, Oberti, Cortizo, & Cortizo, ; Lastra, Molinuevo, Blaszczyk‐Lezak, Mijangos, & Cortizo, ).…”

“…BMPC were isolated from the femora of Sprague–Dawley rats and cultured according to standard procedures used in our laboratory (Lastra et al, ). Cells were maintained in basal media (DMEM‐10% FBS) at 37°C.…”

“…Cell viability was tested using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay (Lastra et al, ). The composites were inserted in a 24‐well plate, sterilized by irradiation with UV light for 20 minutes.…”

A cell‐free approach with a supporting biomaterial in the form of dispersed microspheres induces hyaline cartilage formation in a rabbit knee model

“…However, little is known about the influence of the nature of polymers commonly used to prepare microspheres on their interaction with macrophages and on the induced release of inflammation mediators (Bitencourt Cda et al, ). Macrophages are used in a very sensitive culture model to evaluate possible in vitro inflammatory responses to a material with potential application in regenerative medicine (Denlinger et al, ; Fernández et al, ; Lastra et al, ; Lastra et al, ).…”

“…CHT has been proved to be a biodegradable and biocompatible material and has been proposed for cartilage regeneration. Although many works demonstrated good biocompatibility of CHT scaffolds (García Cruz et al, ; Lao, Tan, Wang, & Gao, ; Lastra, Molinuevo, Blaszczyk‐Lezak, Mijangos, & Cortizo, ; Lastra, Molinuevo, Cortizo, & Cortizo, ), others have reported increased inflammatory response of CHT materials when macrophages were studied (Almeida et al, ; Bitencourt Cda, Silva, Pereira, Gelfuso, & Faccioli, ). This is why the possible inflammatory response was investigated using a model of RAW264.7 macrophages in culture in the presence of PLLA and/or CHT microspheres before implantation in animals.…”