Nanostructured Hollow Tubes Based on Chitosan and Alginate Multilayers

Abstract

The design and production of structures with nanometer-sized polymer films based on layer-by-layer (LbL) are of particular interest for tissue engineering since they allow the precise control of physical and biochemical cues of implantable devices. In this work, a method is developed for the preparation of nanostructured hollow multilayers tubes combining LbL and template leaching. The aim is to produce hollow tubes based on polyelectrolyte multilayer films with tuned physical-chemical properties and study their effects on cell behavior. The final tubular structures are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microscopy, swelling, and mechanical tests, including dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in physiological simulated conditions. It is found that more robust films could be produced upon chemical cross-linking with genipin. In particular, the mechanical properties confirms the viscoelastic properties and a storage and young modulus about two times higher. The water uptake decreases from about 390% to 110% after the cross-linking. The biological performance is assessed in terms of cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation. The results obtained with the cross-linked tubes demonstrate that these are more suitable structures for cell adhesion and spreading. The results suggest the potential of these structures to boost the development of innovative tubular structures for tissue engineering approaches.

Tuning cell adhesive properties via layer-by-layer assembly of chitosan and alginate

“…These results corroborated previous reports, where CHI/ALG multilayers upon cross-linking with genipin presented a decrease in water-uptake ability, decrease in the viscous component of the film, increase in stiffness and enhancements in cell adherence, spreading and proliferation. [43, 59] Similar behavior has also been reported for other multilayers [36, 60, 61], and for a large variety of cells, including endothelial cells, which prefer stiffer substrate (i.e., less gel-like substrates) for attachment and spreading. [53]…”

A review of bioactive plant polysaccharides: Biological activities, functionalization, and biomedical applications

“…Furthermore, similar to alginate as listed in Table 2, layer-by-layer or multilayer coating techniques have been developed to prepare chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complexes with 2D and 3D structures such as freestanding films, capsules, and porous scaffolds. Hyaluronic acid, alginate, chondroitin sulfate, and hydroxyapatite have also been applied with chitosan to prepare multilayer-structured biomaterials based on the layer-by-layer technique for tissueengineering applications (Miranda, Silva, Reis, & Mano, 2011;Rinaudo, 2008;Santo, Gomes, Mano, & Reis, 2012;Schneider, Richert, Francius, Voegel, & Picart, 2007;Silva et al, 2013a;Silva et al, 2013b).…”

“…The resulting microcapsules are promising materials for cell encapsulation in cell-based therapies (Mazumder, Burke, Shen, Potter, & Stover, 2009;Mazumder, Shen, Burke, Potter, & Stover, 2008;. Moreover, multilayers could also be built from negatively charged alginate and positively charged chitosan in acid conditions and be used for cell adhesion in tissue engineering applications (Silva et al, 2013a). Other polyelectrolytes such as proteins (β-lactoglobulin or gelatin), poly(L-lysin), and poly(Lornithine) may also be utilized to form such multilayer structures (Rinaudo, 2008).…”

“…negative charged alginate and positive charged chitosan in acid conditions) on material surfaces as polyelectrolyte multilayers Cell adhesion and spreading, drug and DNA deliveryCaridade et al (2013),Hu and Tsou (2014),Liu, Liu, Liu, Li, and Liu (2013),Silva et al (2013a) StarchEsterificationTupa et al (2013) …”

Novel chitosan/diclofenac coatings on medical grade stainless steel for hip replacement applications

“…Firstly, the as-prepared samples are biocompatible regardless of DCF concentration, which is the highest after 360 minutes, and regardless of possible CHI degradation products that could occur during the same period of time. CHI has already (as mentioned above) been proven to be biocompatible8788108. And secondly, these results are very promising with regard to our desire to prepare coatings on AISI 316LVM stainless steel that would promote osteointegration.…”