Nanotechnology in leukemia: diagnosis, efficient-targeted drug delivery, and clinical trials
Maha M. Salama,
Nora M. Aborehab,
Nihal M. El Mahdy
et al.
Abstract:Leukemia is a group of malignant disorders which affect the blood and blood-forming tissues in the bone marrow, lymphatic system, and spleen. Many types of leukemia exist; thus, their diagnosis and treatment are somewhat complicated. The use of conventional strategies for treatment such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy may develop many side effects and toxicity. Hence, modern research is concerned with the development of specific nano-formulations for targeted delivery of anti-leukemic drugs avoiding toxic eff… Show more
“…These nanosystems not only open up new paths for overcoming the drawbacks of conventional medications, but they also make it possible to combine therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities onto a single platform, advancing nanotheranostics approaches for personalized medicine (Fig. 4 ) [ 267 – 271 ]. Hematology and oncology are perhaps the two major medical fields within which nanotechnology is most excitingly pursued [ 272 – 275 ].…”
Section: Nanomedicine In Liquid Tumorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 4 Overview of the utilization of nanotechnology and nanomedicine strategies against leukemia [ 271 ] …”
The latest findings in iron metabolism and the newly uncovered process of ferroptosis have paved the way for new potential strategies in anti-leukemia treatments. In the current project, we reviewed and summarized the current role of nanomedicine in the treatment and diagnosis of leukemia through a comparison made between traditional approaches applied in the treatment and diagnosis of leukemia via the existing investigations about the ferroptosis molecular mechanisms involved in various anti-tumor treatments. The application of nanotechnology and other novel technologies may provide a new direction in ferroptosis-driven leukemia therapies. The article explores the potential of targeting ferroptosis, a new form of regulated cell death, as a new therapeutic strategy for leukemia. It discusses the mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in leukemia and how nanotechnology can enhance the delivery and efficacy of ferroptosis-inducing agents. The article not only highlights the promise of ferroptosis-targeted therapies and nanotechnology in revolutionizing leukemia treatment, but also calls for further research to overcome challenges and fully realize the clinical potential of this innovative approach. Finally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities in clinical applications of ferroptosis.
“…These nanosystems not only open up new paths for overcoming the drawbacks of conventional medications, but they also make it possible to combine therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities onto a single platform, advancing nanotheranostics approaches for personalized medicine (Fig. 4 ) [ 267 – 271 ]. Hematology and oncology are perhaps the two major medical fields within which nanotechnology is most excitingly pursued [ 272 – 275 ].…”
Section: Nanomedicine In Liquid Tumorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 4 Overview of the utilization of nanotechnology and nanomedicine strategies against leukemia [ 271 ] …”
The latest findings in iron metabolism and the newly uncovered process of ferroptosis have paved the way for new potential strategies in anti-leukemia treatments. In the current project, we reviewed and summarized the current role of nanomedicine in the treatment and diagnosis of leukemia through a comparison made between traditional approaches applied in the treatment and diagnosis of leukemia via the existing investigations about the ferroptosis molecular mechanisms involved in various anti-tumor treatments. The application of nanotechnology and other novel technologies may provide a new direction in ferroptosis-driven leukemia therapies. The article explores the potential of targeting ferroptosis, a new form of regulated cell death, as a new therapeutic strategy for leukemia. It discusses the mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in leukemia and how nanotechnology can enhance the delivery and efficacy of ferroptosis-inducing agents. The article not only highlights the promise of ferroptosis-targeted therapies and nanotechnology in revolutionizing leukemia treatment, but also calls for further research to overcome challenges and fully realize the clinical potential of this innovative approach. Finally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities in clinical applications of ferroptosis.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous blood cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of immature lymphoid cells due to dysregulated signaling pathways. It is the most common pediatric cancer, with high cure rates in children, but significantly lower survival rates in adults. Current theranostic strategies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine, aim to improve detection and treatment precision but are limited by side effects, drug resistance, high costs, and stability issues. Notably, extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a promising alternative, addressing these limitations through their natural biocompatibility and targeted delivery capabilities. EVs play a dual role in ALL: they contribute to leukemia progression by promoting tumor growth, immune suppression, and drug resistance via the transfer of oncogenic molecules, while also serving as valuable non-invasive biomarkers due to their specific miRNA and protein content. Their ability to deliver therapeutic agents directly to leukemic cells, combined with their stability and low immunogenicity, makes EVs a compelling tool for improving ALL treatments. Indeed, by targeting the molecular pathways influenced by EVs or leveraging them for drug delivery, innovative therapeutic strategies can be developed to enhance treatment outcomes and reduce side effects. Thus, EVs represent a promising frontier for advancing theranostic strategies in ALL, offering new opportunities to improve diagnosis and treatment while overcoming the limitations of traditional therapies. This review will explore the dual roles of EVs in ALL, addressing their contributions to disease progression and their potential as therapeutic agents and biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted therapies.
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