Nanotechnology-integrated ferroptosis inducers: a sharp sword against tumor drug resistance

Abstract

Presently, the biggest hurdle to cancer therapy is the inevitable emergence of drug resistance. Since conventional therapeutic schedules fall short of the expectations in curbing drug resistance, the development of...

A Paramagnetic Metal‐Organic Framework Enhances Mild Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy by Downregulating Heat Shock Proteins and Promoting Ferroptosis via Aggravation of Two‐Way Regulated Redox Dyshomeostasis

“…RDH can lead to oxidative damage and dysfunction of the mitochondria. [ 64 ] Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) reversal is a critical marker of mitochondrial damage, which was assessed using the mitochondria‐permeable dye JC‐10. In contrast to the red fluorescence observed in HepG2 cells treated with PBS, green fluorescence was observed in those treated with Lac‐FcMOF, which was further intensified following AMF treatment (Figure 4c ).…”

2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides‐Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

“…Numerous parameters are important, such as atomic level thickness plane, high surface area, edge effects, topological effects, short ion diffusion distance, alleviated restacking, efficient charge transfer, and abundant active sites, which could be a diverse advantage in favor of HER. [40,42,[154][155][156][157]43,44,46,47,89,90,152,153] Bulk 2D based materials can be straightforwardly exfoliated into atomically thin layer sheet, including single and/or double layer, owing to the presence of weak van der Waals force between the layers, which can be easily separated with minimum efforts depending on their different physicochemical properties such as density, conductivity, corrosion resistance, melting point, and chemical stability. [12,40,154,155,157,[42][43][44]47,87,89,90,152] In case of transition metal based chalcogen materials, the transition metal atoms and chalcogen atoms would be exposed in their top position of the materials where electrolyte can access the active surface easily.…”

“…[267] The most important physicochemical properties of 2D transition metal chalcogenides have been benefited by their activated basal plane, edges, strain, controlled morphology, and monolayers, which are helping them to build excellent electrocatalytic materials for HER. [42][43][44]113,268] Generally, metal chalcogenides have been fabricated through different synthetic strategies including CVD, hydrothermal colloidal, solid states, etc., which have been discussed in earlier sections and shown in Table 1. 2D metal chalcogenide-based materials in various forms are very important nanostructures for the electrocatalytic performances of hydrogen evolution reactions toward a greener environment.…”

“…In addition, surface modification of the 2D structure is an effective strategy to obtain high performance in HER, and 2D materials have maximized exposed surfaces in form of basal planes. [28,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Because of the distinctive properties of the 2D nanomaterials along with transition metal carbide and transition metal chalcogenides, numerous research efforts have been made to create effective 2D nanostructures toward electrocatalytic HER, mainly based on the fundamental mechanisms outlined in Scheme 1. Different approaches have been adopted including enhancement of electronic conductivity, increase of the density of active site of the catalyst and engineering of the catalyst at nanoscale level.…”

Ferroptosis Detection: From Approaches to Applications

“…Notably, nanotechnology provides additional options in ferroptosis inhibition/induction, where versatile nano ferroptosis modulators can be developed due to the intrinsic physicochemical properties of nanomaterials (i.e., good biocompatibility, drug bioavailability, and targeted delivery). [21] In addition, ferroptosis at least partly mediates the tumor-suppressive effects of several conventional cancer therapies, including radiotherapy, [22] chemotherapy, [23] and immunotherapy. [24] The rational combination of ferroptosis and various therapeutic modalities on the nanoplatforms can effectively enhance the anticancer effect.…”