Nappe flows on a stepped chute with prototype-scale steps height: Observations of flow patterns, air-water flow properties, energy dissipation and dissolved oxygen

Felder, Stefan; Geuzaine, Margaux; Dewals, Benjamin; Erpicum, Sébastien

doi:10.1016/j.jher.2019.07.004

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Because the fluid properties are not scaled, scale models suffer scale effects, whose impact on flow properties may be important but depends on which specific parameter is considered [52][53][54][55][56]. Experimental studies using large-scale models [57][58][59] or even on prototypes [60][61][62] need to be performed to complement traditional research and enable the validation of the current knowledge at the scale to which it is applied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Spillway Hydraulics: From Theory to Practice

Schleiss

Erpicum

Matos

2023

Water

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Over the past decades, significant advances have been achieved in hydraulic structures for dams, namely in water release structures such as spillway weirs, chutes, and energy dissipators. This editorial presents a brief overview of the eleven papers in this Special Issue, Advances in Spillway Hydraulics: From Theory to Practice, and frames them in current research trends. This Special Issue explores the following topics: spillway inlet structures, spillway transport structures, and spillway outlet structures. For the first topic of spillway inlet structures, this collection includes one paper on the hydrodynamics and free-flow characteristics of piano key weirs with different plan shapes and another that presents a theoretical model for the flow at an ogee crest axis for a wide range of head ratios. Most of the contributions address the second topic of spillway transport structures as follows: a physical modeling of a beveled-face stepped chute; the description and recent developments of the generalized, energy-based, water surface profile calculation tool SpillwayPro; an application of the SPH method on non-aerated flow over smooth and stepped converging spillways; a physical model study of the effect of stepped chute slope reduction on the bottom-pressure development; an assessment of a spillway offset aerator with a comparison of the two-phase volume of fluid and complete two-phase Euler models included in the OpenFOAM® toolbox; an evaluation of the performance and design of a stepped spillway aerator based on a physical model study. For the third topic of spillway outlet structures, physical model studies are presented on air–water flow in rectangular free-falling jets, the performance of a plain stilling basin downstream of 30° and 50° inclined smooth and stepped chutes, and scour protection for piano key weirs with apron and cutoff wall. Finally, we include a brief discussion about some research challenges and practice-oriented questions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Spillway Hydraulics: From Theory to Practice

Schleiss

Erpicum

Matos

2023

Water

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“…Stepped spillways are also common, characterised by different flow regimes (Figure 4a). For the lowest flows in the nappe flow regime, the flows are characterised by jet impingement on subsequent steps [87], which could lead to fish repeatedly colliding with concrete surfaces with high likelihood of injury. For high flows in the skimming flow regime, the flow surface is parallel to the step edges, probably with reduced collision of fish with the step edges.…”

Section: Fish Conveyance Along Spillwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Injury from Movements across Hydraulic Structures: A Review

Cox

Suthers

Felder

2023

Water

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Fish migration is essential to maintain healthy aquatic ecosystems, but hydraulic structures across rivers have impeded natural fish migration worldwide. While efforts have been made to allow fish to pass some hydraulic structures, there is limited understanding of hydrodynamic effects that cause fish injury in different hydraulic systems, such as spillways and stilling basins as well as hydropower systems. This study reviewed available literature on this topic to identify the current knowledge of fish injury thresholds in laboratory- and field-based studies of hydraulic systems. Often, the hydraulic effects that lead to fish injury have been described with time-averaged simplified parameters including shear stress, pressure changes, acceleration, vortical motions, aeration, collision, and strike, while these hydrodynamic effects often occur simultaneously in the turbulent flows across hydraulic structures, making it difficult to link specific fish injuries to a particular hydrodynamic effect. Strong variations of injury may occur, depending on the type and the intensity of hydrodynamic effects, as well as the fish species and fish sizes. Modelling can provide information of stressors, but real-world tests are needed to accurately assess fish injury and mortality. Fish injury mechanisms at hydropower turbines are well understood, however, clear understanding at other sites is lacking. Future studies should aim to report holistic hydrodynamic thresholds with associated fish injury rates. Multidisciplinary systematic research is required, including laboratory and field studies, using passive tracer sensor packages and state-of-the art instrumentation in conjunction with live fish. This can quantify stressors with meaningful parameters, aiming to improve fish safety with more sustainable design of water infrastructure that reduces fish injury when passing across hydraulic structures.

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“…Areas with slower-flowing water will have fewer aerobic organisms because of the difficulty to survive in such difficult conditions. The faster flow makes it more difficult for organisms to control their interaction with their environment (Felder et al, 2019). Moreover, the increase in dissolved oxygen can also be the result of the blend of enzymes, organic catalyst, and probiotics application as the dissolved oxygen had increased in the Nagtahan Bridge sampling station where the solution was directly applied.…”

Section: Dissolved Oxygen (Do)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Blended Enzymes, Organic Catalysts, and Probiotics on the Water Quality of Pasig River, Philippines

Magdaraog

Purnamasari

Olarve

et al. 2022

IJSEI

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The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the blend of enzymes, organic catalysts, and probiotics on the water quality of Pasig River and to determine its sustainability to aquatic life. The effects of varying the dosage of the mixture were also identified. The data observed were compared to the standard for fishery water set by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). On-site application results were analyzed using paired t-test. All parameters were normally distributed. Temperature, phosphate, and BOD measures were significantly changed at (p<0.05). Results showed mixture effectiveness on temperature, pH, Chloride, Nitrate, TSS, Oil and Grease, and Surfactant as they passed the DAO 2016-08 Class C Standard. BOD, Phosphate, TSS, and Ammonia concentrations were reduced in Ayala samples. DO, Nitrate and Fecal Coliforms concentrations were reduced in Nagtahan samples. Varying the amount of mixture application yields no significant effect on the water quality. Fishes and aquatic life can still not thrive on this kind of water.

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Nappe flows on a stepped chute with prototype-scale steps height: Observations of flow patterns, air-water flow properties, energy dissipation and dissolved oxygen

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Advances in Spillway Hydraulics: From Theory to Practice

Advances in Spillway Hydraulics: From Theory to Practice

Fish Injury from Movements across Hydraulic Structures: A Review

Effects of Blended Enzymes, Organic Catalysts, and Probiotics on the Water Quality of Pasig River, Philippines

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