Nasal pH measurement: a reliable and repeatable parameter

England, Ruth; Homer, Jarrod J; Knight, L C; Ell, Stephen R.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2273.1999.00223.x

Cited by 165 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…pH readings were taken at individual sites after only a 15-s period of stability, as previously defined, and all readings were completed within 5 min. Nasal mucus was observed to have an alkaline pH during the measurements and during episodes of rhinitis nasal secretions become alkaline [26]. Although the current authors tried to avoid areas covered in mucus in the lower airways, accurate placement of the pH probe in the peripheral airways was difficult and this may account for the apparent trend towards an increase in pH observed in the third generation airways of the CF patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Airway surface pH has been previously measured in the nose, and both the equipment and methodology are well established [23,24]. Previous studies have reported that nasal pH varies with race [25] and the presence of rhinitis [26]. Acidification of airway vapour condensate has been shown to occur in acute asthma and is reversible with steroid therapy [21], suggesting a link with inflammation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Airway surface pH in subjects with cystic fibrosis

McShane¹,

Davies²,

Davies³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

115

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The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator protein can transport bicarbonate and may therefore regulate airway surface (AS) pH. Disturbances of AS pH could contribute to the pathophysiology of CF lung disease.Five studies were carried out including the following: study 1) nasal pH measurements were made in 25 CF and 10 non-CF adults using an antimony pH probe. Mean nasal pH was significantly lower in the CF group. Nasal potential difference may have been a confounding factor; study 2) in a fresh cohort of CF and non-CF subjects, no significant difference was found between the two groups using a gold pH probe; study 3) simultaneous nasal pH measurements were made in 15 CF and 15 non-CF adults using both probes. In the CF group, there was a trend for the antimony probe to read lower than the gold probe. In the non-CF group, the antimony probe read higher. The pH difference noted in study 1 related to technical factors; study 4) the effect of acute changes in serum acid/base balance on nasal pH was assessed in five non-CF adults. Nasal pH was not altered by either acute respiratory acidosis or alkalosis; study 5) nasal and lower airway pH was measured in five CF and six non-CF children. No difference was found between the groups. There was a correlation between nasal and lower airway pH.The authors conclude that airway surface pH does not differ between cystic fibrosis and noncystic fibrosis subjects and therefore, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator may not play a major role in airway surface pHin vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway surface pH in subjects with cystic fibrosis

McShane¹,

Davies²,

Davies³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

115

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“…It is certainly clear that HCO 3 Ϫ is secreted by airway submucosal glands as an essential component of gland liquid secretion (4,15,16,21,22), but, despite this secretion of HCO 3 Ϫ , the ASL is relatively acidic (6,8,19,20,25). It is therefore possible that the ASL is acidified, either by surface epithelium or by proximal regions of the gland ducts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Secretion of acid and base equivalents by intact distal airways

Inglis

Wilson

Olver

2003

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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Secretion of HCO 3 Ϫ by airway submucosal glands is essential for normal liquid and mucus secretion. Because the liquid bathing the airway surface (ASL) is acidic, it has been proposed that the surface epithelium may acidify HCO 3 Ϫ -rich glandular fluid. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which intact distal bronchi, which contain both surface and glandular epithelium, modify pH of luminal fluid. Distal bronchi were isolated from pig lungs, cannulated in a bath containing HCO 3 Ϫ -buffered solution, and perfused continually with an aliquot of similar, lightly buffered solution (LBS) in which NaCl replaced NaHCO 3 Ϫ (pH 7 with NaOH). The pH of this circulating LBS initially acidified (by 0.053 Ϯ 0.0053 pH units) and transepithelial potential difference (PD) depolarized. The magnitude of acidification was increased when pH LBS was higher. This acidification was unaffected by luminal dimethylamiloride (DMA, 100 M) but was inhibited by 100 nM bafilomycin A 1 (by 76 Ϯ 13%), suggesting involvement of vacuolar-H ϩ ATPase. Addition of ACh (10 M) evoked alkalinization of luminal LBS and hyperpolarization of transepithelial PD. The alkalinization was inhibited in HCO 3 Ϫ -free solutions containing acetazolamide (1 mM) and by DMA and was enhanced by bumetanide (100 M), an inhibitor of Cl Ϫ secretion. The hyperpolarization was unaffected by these maneuvers. The anion channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoate (300 M) and combined treatment with DMA and bumetanide blocked both the alkalinization and hyperpolarization responses to ACh. These results are consistent with earlier studies showing that ACh evokes glandular secretion of HCO 3 Ϫ and Cl Ϫ . Isolated distal airways thus secrete both acid and base equivalents. airway epithelium; bicarbonate transport; pH THE DEPTH AND COMPOSITION of the airway surface liquid (ASL), which lines the airway epithelium, must be strictly controlled to allow the processes that keep the airways clean and free from infection to function normally. For instance, variations in the pH ASL can affect ciliary beat frequency (5, 26), mucus rheology (10, 23, 31), airway smooth muscle tone (28), and the integrity of the epithelium itself (11). However, the mechanisms by which pH ASL is controlled are not well understood.

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“…The nasal mucosal pH is reportedly approximately 5.5 to 6.5 in healthy adults and approximately 7.2 to 8.3 in those with rhinitis (13). On the other hand, a study reported that when buffer solution was sprayed into the nasal cavity, the nasal mucosal pH changed through the effects of the buffer solution (14).…”

Section: Measurement Of Phmentioning

confidence: 96%