Native bark-foraging birds preferentially forage in infected ash (Fraxinus spp.) and prove effective predators of the invasive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)

Flower, Charles E.; Long, Lawrence C.; Knight, Kathleen S.; Rebbeck, Joanne; Brown, Joel S.; Gonzàlez-Meler, Miquel A.; Whelan, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.030

Cited by 50 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…For example, a population dynamics model parameterized with observed larval and egg parasitism rates (~60%) in Asia, showed that natural enemies in Asia can quickly reduce EAB populations (i.e., with a net population growth rate < 1) when accompanied by moderate to high levels of host plant resistance with no predation from avian predators [86]. When accompanied by heavy woodpecker predation (~60%) in North America (e.g., [87][88][89]), an addition of~35% of larval parasitism rate is sufficient to reduce the EAB population growth rate to <1, even with limited levels of host tree resistance or tolerance [86,90]. Moreover, other factors are periodically important, such as mortality caused by fungal entomopathogens [91,92] or cold winter temperatures [93].…”

Section: Impact Of Eab Biocontrol Agents On Target Pest Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Challenges of Protecting North American Ash Trees from the Emerald Ash Borer Using Biological Control

Duan

Bauer

Driesche

et al. 2018

Forests

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After emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, was discovered in the United States, a classical biological control program was initiated against this destructive pest of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). This biocontrol program began in 2007 after federal regulatory agencies and the state of Michigan approved release of three EAB parasitoid species from China: Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Eulophidae), Spathius agrili Yang (Braconidae), and Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Encyrtidae). A fourth EAB parasitoid, Spathius galinae Belokobylskij (Braconidae) from Russia, was approved for release in 2015. We review the rationale and ecological premises of the EAB biocontrol program, and then report on progress in North American ash recovery in southern Michigan, where the parasitoids were first released. We also identify challenges to conserving native Fraxinus using biocontrol in the aftermath of the EAB invasion, and provide suggestions for program improvements as EAB spreads throughout North America. We conclude that more work is needed to: (1) evaluate the establishment and impact of biocontrol agents in different climate zones; (2) determine the combined effect of EAB biocontrol and host plant resistance or tolerance on the regeneration of North American ash species; and (3) expand foreign exploration for EAB natural enemies throughout Asia.

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Section: Impact Of Eab Biocontrol Agents On Target Pest Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Challenges of Protecting North American Ash Trees from the Emerald Ash Borer Using Biological Control

Duan

Bauer

Driesche

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…Few studies evaluated grape losses by birds; however, the few studies that tried to quantify this problem suggest that changes are relatively small, namely lower than 5 % in South Africa (Dignon, 2013) and lower than 9 % in North America (Anderson et al, 2013).…”

Section: Grape Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biotic resistance is the capacity of natural resident species to reduce the success of pests and invasive species (Levine at al., 2004;Flower et al, 2014). Agro-forestry ecosystems have been recognized as important systems to test this hypothesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agro-forestry ecosystems have been recognized as important systems to test this hypothesis. For example, the role of natural enemies in the control of aphid pests has been evaluated in Citrus plantations (Michaud, 1999), and birds have been shown to reduce the damages of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) in ash forests (Flower et al, 2014). These effects have also been evaluated in California vineyards, where an experimental increase in the density of breeding birds leads to a higher control of plastic sentinel larvae (Jedlicka et al, 2011); however the real effect of grape production has not been evaluated, and the real potential of biotic resistance in agro-forestry ecosystems remains underevaluated (Bürgi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of native biodiversity on grape loss of four castes: testing the biotic resistance hypothesis

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Management of agricultural landscapes can influence the biodiversity and the ecological services provided by these ecosystems, such as natural biological pest control. Viticulture is a very important economic activity in most countries with Mediterranean climate, often shaping their landscapes and culture. Grape production is affected by a number of pests and diseases, and farmers use prophylactic and response-driven pesticides to control these pests. Here we quantified the main biotic causes of crop losses in four grape castes, two red (Touriga Nacional and Baga) and two white (Arinto and Chardonnay), and evaluated the potential effect of native biodiversity to provide biotic resistance to pest outbreaks and grape losses. Specifically, the diversity and abundance of bird and insect communities in these vineyards were quantified and divided into functional guilds (pest, neutral or auxiliary), to test whether these natural communities hold the potential to naturally control grape pests (biotic resistance hypothesis) under normal vineyard management (including pesticide application regimes). A potential association between distance to the vineyard edge and grape losses was also evaluated. We recorded a very small proportion of grape losses (mean = 0.6 %; max = 7.5 %), with insect pests showing a preference for the castes Baga (red) and Chardonnay (white), while bird pests avoided the caste Arinto (white). Grape color did not influence losses caused by insect pests, but birds showed a preference for red castes. The caste Baga was also more vulnerable to losses caused by fungi. Despite their low impact on grape production, most insects and birds detected in the six vineyards were pests, which entails a potentially low level of biotic resistance in this highly managed agricultural ecosystem. Further research is necessary to fully evaluate the role of functional biodiversity in vineyards, particularly if alternative production processes, such as organic farming, can increase the potential of native biodiversity to protect against grape losses from pests under lower regimes of chemical spraying.

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“…As a result of increased warming, earlier emergence and development of these insects is therefore anticipated (Jamieson et al, 2012) with the possibility of causing intense insect pest problems in the future. This, in turn may lead to insect population increases (Flower et al, 2014;Jamieson et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Impact Of Elevated Temperature On the Biology Of Insect mentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases to Changing and Variable Climate: A Review

Katsaruware-Chapoto¹,

Mafongoya²,

Gubba³

2017

JAS

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Natural and anthropogenic factors have resulted in altered environmental conditions that influence changes in abundance and diversity of insect pests. Global climate change projections focus on crop yields and adaptation strategies to declining yields and ignore the likely impact of a changing climate on insect pests and plant diseases. In this research paper, we review the effects of climate variables namely temperature, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), precipitation and extreme weather events on insect pests and plant diseases incidence. Elevated temperatures, CO 2 and extreme weather events have been shown to alter the distribution, reproductive potential, the incidence and abundance of plant insects and diseases in temperate regions because of the dependence of insects and diseases on environmental conditions. There is limited information on the influence of temperature and carbon dioxide as well as their interaction on the incidence and severity of insect pests, bacterial and viral diseases in the tropical regions. Information on the influence of altered precipitation patterns is also limited but could be of importance in insect distribution studies in a changing climate. Some tropical insects pests are most likely to suffer from extreme heat, resulting in death and hence pest extinction. Future research should focus on the interaction of elevated temperature and CO 2 , determine the influence of supra optimal summer temperatures, temperature variability, precipitation variability and the corresponding viral and bacterial diseases.

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Native bark-foraging birds preferentially forage in infected ash (Fraxinus spp.) and prove effective predators of the invasive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)

Cited by 50 publications

References 46 publications

Progress and Challenges of Protecting North American Ash Trees from the Emerald Ash Borer Using Biological Control

Progress and Challenges of Protecting North American Ash Trees from the Emerald Ash Borer Using Biological Control

Effects of native biodiversity on grape loss of four castes: testing the biotic resistance hypothesis

Responses of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases to Changing and Variable Climate: A Review

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