Native Grasses for Biomass Production at High Elevations

Pearson, Calvin H.; Larson, Steven R.; Keske, Catherine; Jensen, Kevin B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1447-0_6

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Herbaceous 7-15 Genetic maps; marker arrays; QTLs for yield, biomass production, earliness Acquadro et al, 2005;Lanteri et al, 2006Lanteri et al, , 2012Angelini et al, 2009;Portis et al, 2009Portis et al, , 2012Portis et al, , 2014Sonnante et al, 2011;Scaglione et al, 2012;Mauromicale et al, 2014;Martin et al, 2015;Francaviglia et al, 2016 Agave (Agave spp.) Herbaceous 1-34 RAPD marker array; transcriptomic sequences Vega et al, 2001;Davis et al, 2011;Gross et al, 2013 Tall wheatgrass (Thino pyrum ponticum) Wang et al, 2010Wang et al, , 2014Pearson et al, 2015 Bamboo (Bambusa balcooa)…”

Section: Efficiency Of Light Interceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marginal Lands to Grow Novel Bio-Based Crops: A Plant Breeding Perspective

Pancaldi

Trindade

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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The biomass demand to fuel a growing global bio-based economy is expected to tremendously increase over the next decades, and projections indicate that dedicated biomass crops will satisfy a large portion of it. The establishment of dedicated biomass crops raises huge concerns, as they can subtract land that is required for food production, undermining food security. In this context, perennial biomass crops suitable for cultivation on marginal lands (MALs) raise attraction, as they could supply biomass without competing for land with food supply. While these crops withstand marginal conditions well, their biomass yield and quality do not ensure acceptable economic returns to farmers and cost-effective biomass conversion into bio-based products, claiming genetic improvement. However, this is constrained by the lack of genetic resources for most of these crops. Here we first review the advantages of cultivating novel perennial biomass crops on MALs, highlighting management practices to enhance the environmental and economic sustainability of these agro-systems. Subsequently, we discuss the preeminent breeding targets to improve the yield and quality of the biomass obtainable from these crops, as well as the stability of biomass production under MALs conditions. These targets include crop architecture and phenology, efficiency in the use of resources, lignocellulose composition in relation to bio-based applications, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. For each target trait, we outline optimal ideotypes, discuss the available breeding resources in the context of (orphan) biomass crops, and provide meaningful examples of genetic improvement. Finally, we discuss the available tools to breed novel perennial biomass crops. These comprise conventional breeding methods (recurrent selection and hybridization), molecular techniques to dissect the genetics of complex traits, speed up selection, and perform transgenic modification (genetic mapping, QTL and GWAS analysis, marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, transformation protocols), and novel high-throughput phenotyping platforms. Furthermore, novel tools to transfer genetic knowledge from model to orphan crops (i.e., universal markers) are also conceptualized, with the belief that their development will enhance the efficiency of plant breeding in orphan biomass crops, enabling a sustainable use of MALs for biomass provision.

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Section: Efficiency Of Light Interceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marginal Lands to Grow Novel Bio-Based Crops: A Plant Breeding Perspective

Pancaldi

Trindade

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) is a cool-season perennial Triticeae grass, native to parts of Eastern Europe and western Asia, that has been widely used for soil conservation and forage production in North America and other temperate regions of the World (Jensen et al 2016;Zair et al 2018). Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) ranks among the highest-yielding forage and biomass crops that can be grown across regions of the Upper Midwest, Great Plains and Intermountain regions of Canada, the United States, and other places where it is cultivated (Harmoney 2015;Kenneth and Kevin 2001;Larson et al 2017;Lee et al 2009;Monono et al 2013;Pearson et al 2015;Robins 2010;Wang et al 2014). At least 15 IWG cultivars have been released for purposes of soil conservation and forage production in Canada and the United States, with some of the first cultivars selected directly from plant introductions from Russia in 1932 (Jensen et al 2016;Knowles 1977;Pearson et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling domestication traits of intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium)

et al. 2019

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Allohexaploid (2n=6x=42) intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium), abbreviated IWG, is an outcrossing perennial grass belonging to the tertiary gene pool of wheat. Perenniality would be valuable option for grain production, but attempts to introgress this complex trait from wheat-Thinopyrum hybrids have not been commercially successful. Efforts to breed IWG itself as a dual-purpose forage and grain crop have demonstrated useful progress and applications, but grain yields are significantly less than wheat. Therefore, genetic and physical maps have been developed to accelerate domestication of IWG. Herein, these maps were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes associated with IWG grain production traits in a family of 266 full-sib progenies derived from two heterozygous parents, M26 and M35. Transgressive segregation was observed for 17 traits related to seed size, shattering, threshing, inflorescence capacity, fertility, stem size, and flowering time. A total of 111 QTLs were detected in 36 different regions using 3,826 genotype-by-sequence (GBS) markers in 21 linkage groups. The most prominent QTL had a LOD score of 15 with synergistic effects of 29% and 22% over the family means for seed retention and percent naked seed, respectively. Many QTLs aligned to one or more IWG gene models corresponding to 42 possible domestication orthogenes including the wheat Q and RHT genes. A cluster of seed-size and fertility QTLs showed possible alignment to a putative Z self-incompatibility gene, which could have detrimental grain-yield effects when genetic variability is low. These findings elucidate pathways and possible hurdles in the domestication of IWG.

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“…In turn, biomass yields are commonly reported in grasslands and fertile land. In this study, tall wheatgrass cultivars performed better in terms of biomass production than they did in another study that was carried out under marginal conditions in the USA, where yields of 3.1 Mg DM•ha −1 were reported [58]. However, studies under irrigation or located in areas without biophysical constraints provided better yields for tall wheatgrass cultivars, with biomass productions over 10 Mg DM•ha −1 in North America [37,59] and of 17.2 Mg DM•ha −1 in Germany for biogas production [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Long-Term Yield and Quality Performance of Perennial Energy Grasses (Agropyron spp.) on Marginal Land

et al. 2020

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The cultivation of perennial grasses is one of the most desirable alternatives as energy feedstock, but it is difficult to achieve competitive yields under Mediterranean marginal conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of three cool-season grasses (Agropyron spp.) from an agronomic and energetic point of view by comparing the dry matter (DM) yields, rain use efficiency, chemical composition, and biomass quality over an eight-year period in Spain under marginal rainfed conditions. The tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv.) cultivars, Alkar (4.8 Mg DM·ha−1) and Jose (4.7 Mg DM·ha−1), achieved the highest yields. Productions below 0.5 Mg DM·ha−1 were obtained when rainfall was lower than 150 mm between March and June. The biomass obtained from the tested grasses showed relatively high contents of ash, silicon, and alkali elements. Net calorific values ranged between 16.7 and 18.5 MJ·kg−1 db. Differences in the composition among species and cultivars are not likely to affect their combustion behavior from a practical point of view. The ash content, as well as the concentrations of K, S, Na, and Cl, tended to decrease over the years. The results offered would be very useful for the implementation of this type of crop in marginal land.

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Native Grasses for Biomass Production at High Elevations

Cited by 7 publications

References 86 publications

Marginal Lands to Grow Novel Bio-Based Crops: A Plant Breeding Perspective

Marginal Lands to Grow Novel Bio-Based Crops: A Plant Breeding Perspective

Genome mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling domestication traits of intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium)

Long-Term Yield and Quality Performance of Perennial Energy Grasses (Agropyron spp.) on Marginal Land

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