Native Joint Septic Arthritis Due to Rothia mucilaginosa: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Rothia spp. are gram-positive bacteria that are part of the normal human oral and gut microbiome. They mainly cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts and are associated with periodontal disease. Here, we present a rare case of septic arthritis of a native knee due to Rothia mucilaginosa in a 66-year-old, immunocompetent, male patient with osteoarthritis of both knees. Intra-articular corticosteroid injection was identified as most likely source of infection. We discuss the increase of iatrogenic joint infections caused by intra-articular injections or surgical procedures and identify the association of Rothia mucilaginosa joint infections with intra-articular corticosteroid injections.