Natural gas pipeline technology overview.

Folga, S.; Decision,

doi:10.2172/925391

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Natural gas gathering, transmission and distribution pipelines range in material composition from high strength steel or copper to flexible plastic and can range in size from 40 to 6 inches in diameter, depending on the location and use (Folga, 2007;Transportation of Natural Gas, 2016). Although new steel and plastic pipelines are less prone to leaks than their older counterparts, aged pipelines, made of cast iron or unprotected steel, often leak due to earth movement, breakdown of joints and corrosion of unprotected steel, and graphitization (i.e., natural degrading to softer elements over time) of iron pipelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of subsurface soil moisture variability and atmospheric conditions on methane gas migration in shallow subsurface

Deepagoda

Smits

Oldenburg

2016

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of subsurface soil moisture variability and atmospheric conditions on methane gas migration in shallow subsurface

Deepagoda

Smits

Oldenburg

2016

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hydrates are usually ice like solid which can affect the steady flow of NG through pipelines so these are highly undesirable. The first pipeline from Germany to Norway built in 1996 was also made up of X80 grade steel . Table shows the typical data for pipeline transportation that is lifetime, average cost per km, and energy requirement for compressor station.…”

Section: Energy Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of energy storage and transportation of energy

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Energy storage and transportation are essential keys to make sure the continuity of energy to the customer. Electric power generation is changing dramatically across the world due to the environmental effects of Greenhouse gases (GHG) produced by fossil fuels. The unpredictable daily and seasonal variations in demand for electrical energy can be tackled by introducing the energy storage systems (ESSs) and hence mitigating the extra GHG emission in the atmosphere. Energy storage techniques can be mechanical, electro‐chemical, chemical, or thermal, and so on. The most popular form of energy storage is hydraulic power plants by using pumped storage and in the form of stored fuel for thermal power plants. The classification of ESSs, their current status, flaws and present trends, are presented in this article. The present state of fossil fuel reserves, their production, consumption, and as a consequence of these the CO2 emissions are also discussed. The primary energy carriers coal, oil and gas are not evenly distributed along the globe. Long distances are involved in transporting these energy carriers and transportation and delivery of these key resources to the prime customers is always necessary. The different methods to transport the energy from the source end to demand end is also discussed in this article. The assessment of various energy storage methods on the basis of several factors and present status and development of storage and transportation of energy in Pakistan is discussed.

show abstract

“…Multiple independent and complementary gas leak detecting techniques have been designed and reported [16][17][18]. Several criteria are considered for classifying the available leak detection techniques, including [19,20]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Gas Fugitive Leak Detection Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Measurement System Description and Mass Balance Approach

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural gas is an abundant resource across the United States, of which methane (CH4) is the main component. About 2% of extracted CH4 is lost through leaks. The Remote Methane Leak Detector (RMLD)-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system was developed to investigate natural gas fugitive leaks in this study. The system is composed of three major technologies: miniaturized RMLD (mini-RMLD) based on Backscatter Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS), an autonomous quadrotor UAV and simplified quantification and localization algorithms. With a miniaturized, downward-facing RMLD on a small UAV, the system measures the column-integrated CH4 mixing ratio and can semi-autonomously monitor CH4 leakage from sites associated with natural gas production, providing an advanced capability in detecting leaks at hard-to-access sites compared to traditional manual methods. Automated leak characterization algorithms combined with a wireless data link implement real-time leak quantification and reporting. This study placed particular emphasis on the RMLD-UAV system description and the quantification algorithm development based on a mass balance approach. Early data were gathered to test the prototype system and to evaluate the algorithm performance. The quantification algorithm derived in this study tended to underestimate the gas leak rates and yielded unreliable estimations in detecting leaks under 7 × 10 − 6 m3/s (~1 Standard Cubic Feet per Hour (SCFH)). Zero-leak cases can be ascertained via a skewness indicator, which is unique and promising. The influence of the systematic error was investigated by introducing simulated noises, of which Global Positioning System (GPS) noise presented the greatest impact on leak rate errors. The correlation between estimated leak rates and wind conditions were investigated, and steady winds with higher wind speeds were preferred to get better leak rate estimations, which was accurate to approximately 50% during several field trials. High precision coordinate information from the GPS, accurate wind measurements and preferred wind conditions, appropriate flight strategy and the relative steady survey height of the system are the crucial factors to optimize the leak rate estimations.

show abstract

Natural gas pipeline technology overview.

Cited by 57 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of subsurface soil moisture variability and atmospheric conditions on methane gas migration in shallow subsurface

Effect of subsurface soil moisture variability and atmospheric conditions on methane gas migration in shallow subsurface

Review of energy storage and transportation of energy

Natural Gas Fugitive Leak Detection Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Measurement System Description and Mass Balance Approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About