Natural killer cell activities of synbiotic <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> ssp. <i>casei</i> in conjunction with dextran

Ogawa, Tomohiko; Asai, Yasuyuki; Tamai, Riyoko; Makimura, Yutaka; Sakamoto, Hiromi; Hashikawa, Shinnosuke; Yasuda, Kenji

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02975.x

Cited by 68 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Accordingly, we investigated what kind of beneficial bacteria acting as probiotics could utilize Dex, and found that Lcc could uniquely utilize Dex. Furthermore, the unique and specific combination of Lcc and Dex as a synbiotic had oral immuno-adjuvant activity in mice [13,14] and laying chickens [15]. When Lcc was orally administered with Dex to the mice, Lcc was specifically detected in the intestine and total lactobacilli in the intestinal microflora were significantly increased.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A New Synbiotic Consisting of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and Dextran Improves Milk Production in Holstein Dairy Cows

Hashikawa

Sakamoto

Tomita

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. To evaluate the effects of a new synbiotic consisting of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei (Lcc) and dextran (Dex) on milk production, a total of 58 Holstein dairy cows, which became pregnant and gave birth to calves at regular intervals and lactated steadily and continuously, were selected. The study had a completely randomized design, and the animals were divided into two groups. Group A was fed with a basic diet only, and Group B was fed with a basic diet supplemented with the synbiotic consisting of freeze-dried Lcc

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confidence: 99%

“…It was reported that Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei JCM 1134 T (Lcc) uniquely and specifically utilizes Dex, and that a new synbiotic of Lcc in conjunction with Dex enhances humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice [13,14] and chickens [15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Synbiotic Consisting of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and Dextran Improves Milk Production in Holstein Dairy Cows

Hashikawa

Sakamoto

Tomita

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Unfortunately, successful synergistic synbiotic combinations are not well established in the literature despite a large number of studies. To our knowledge, only two reports describe a synbiotic combination in which the prebiotic significantly enhanced the stability, persistence, or metabolic activity of a specific probiotic strain in vivo (17)(18)(19). As noted by Kolida and Gibson (16), this low success rate may be explained by the selection of most synbiotic combinations on an arbitrary basis, including shelf life, industrial performance, availability, and cost.…”

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confidence: 80%

“…This accounts for experiments using synbiotic formulations in humans (61), rats (62,63), and other animal models (64). These findings suggest that, with few exceptions (17)(18)(19), probiotic strains are unable to compete against the resident gut microbiota, which is inherently resistant to outside colonizers (65), even when an exogenous growth substrate in the form of a prebiotic is provided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As noted by Kolida and Gibson (16), this low success rate may be explained by the selection of most synbiotic combinations on an arbitrary basis, including shelf life, industrial performance, availability, and cost. Indeed, few synbiotic preparations are formulated based on a rational selection of both the prebiotic and the probiotic (12,16), such as via in vitro or in vivo screens assessing the ability of the probiotic to utilize the prebiotic (17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Even if synbiotic formulations were based on these criteria, synergism between the probiotic strain and the prebiotic was rarely observed in human and animal trials (22)(23)(24).…”

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In Vivo Selection To Identify Bacterial Strains with Enhanced Ecological Performance in Synbiotic Applications

Krumbeck

Maldonado-Gómez

Martínez

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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One strategy for enhancing the establishment of probiotic bacteria in the human intestinal tract is via the parallel administration of a prebiotic, which is referred to as a synbiotic. Here we present a novel method that allows a rational selection of putative probiotic strains to be used in synbiotic applications: in vivo selection (IVS). This method consists of isolating candidate probiotic strains from fecal samples following enrichment with the respective prebiotic. To test the potential of IVS, we isolated bifidobacteria from human subjects who consumed increasing doses of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) for 9 weeks. A retrospective analysis of the fecal microbiota of one subject revealed an 8-fold enrichment in Bifidobacterium adolescentis strain IVS-1 during GOS administration. The functionality of GOS to support the establishment of IVS-1 in the gastrointestinal tract was then evaluated in rats administered the bacterial strain alone, the prebiotic alone, or the synbiotic combination. Strain-specific quantitative real-time PCR showed that the addition of GOS increased B. adolescentis IVS-1 abundance in the distal intestine by nearly 2 logs compared to rats receiving only the probiotic. Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing not only confirmed the increased establishment of IVS-1 in the intestine but also revealed that the strain was able to outcompete the resident Bifidobacterium population when provided with GOS. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that IVS can be used to successfully formulate a synergistic synbiotic that can substantially enhance the establishment and competitiveness of a putative probiotic strain in the gastrointestinal tract.T he mechanistic role of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and its metabolites in maintaining human health has been well demonstrated (1-3). Gut microbes provide several important benefits for their host, including provision of nutrients, development and maturation of the immune system, and protection against pathogens via colonization resistance (4). However, the gut microbiota may also contribute to obesity, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and other chronic disease states (5-7). Such diseases are often associated with compositional alterations in the fecal microbiota, a condition referred to as "dysbiosis" (8). Given that the presence of specific types of bacteria and their relative abundance within the gut are considered to affect host health, there is much interest in devising strategies that modulate gut microbiota composition and potentially redress disease-related dysbiotic patterns (9).Dietary approaches currently available to modulate the gut microbiota include prebiotics (10-12), fermentable fibers (13, 14), probiotics (or live biotherapeutics) (15), and synbiotics, which are a combination of a probiotic and a prebiotic (11, 16). According to Kolida and Gibson (16), synbiotics can be either complementary or synergistic. Complementary synbiotics consist of a probiotic and a prebiotic selected to independently confer benefits to the host. In contrast, sy...

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Mechanisms of action of probiotics: Recent advances

Hart

Kamm

et al. 2009

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

507

332

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The intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining immune homeostasis. In controlled clinical trials probiotic bacteria have demonstrated a benefit in treating gastrointestinal diseases, including infectious diarrhea in children, recurrent Clostridium difficile-induced infection, and some inflammatory bowel diseases. This evidence has led to the proof of principle that probiotic bacteria can be used as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate human diseases. The precise mechanisms influencing the crosstalk between the microbe and the host remain unclear but there is growing evidence to suggest that the functioning of the immune system at both a systemic and a mucosal level can be modulated by bacteria in the gut. Recent compelling evidence has demonstrated that manipulating the microbiota can influence the host. Several new mechanisms by which probiotics exert their beneficial effects have been identified and it is now clear that significant differences exist between different probiotic bacterial species and strains; organisms need to be selected in a more rational manner to treat disease. Mechanisms contributing to altered immune function in vivo induced by probiotic bacteria may include modulation of the microbiota itself, improved barrier function with consequent reduction in immune exposure to microbiota, and direct effects of bacteria on different epithelial and immune cell types. These effects are discussed with an emphasis on those organisms that have been used to treat human inflammatory bowel diseases in controlled clinical trials.

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Natural killer cell activities of synbiotic Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei in conjunction with dextran

Abstract: SummaryWe have reported previously that Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei , together with specific substrate dextran, exhibited an adjuvant effect of stimulating humoral immune responses against bovine serum albumin (

Cited by 68 publications

References 34 publications

A New Synbiotic Consisting of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and Dextran Improves Milk Production in Holstein Dairy Cows

A New Synbiotic Consisting of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and Dextran Improves Milk Production in Holstein Dairy Cows

In Vivo Selection To Identify Bacterial Strains with Enhanced Ecological Performance in Synbiotic Applications

Mechanisms of action of probiotics: Recent advances

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