Natural killer cell-derived exosomes for cancer immunotherapy: innovative therapeutics art

Hatami, Zahra; Hashemi, Zahra Sadat; Eftekhary, Mohamad; Amiri, Ala; Karpisheh, Vahid; Nasrollahi, Kaveh; Jafari, Reza

doi:10.1186/s12935-023-02996-6

“…In terms of homeostatic ability, while some EVs are able to activate the immune system, other EVs are able to suppress the immune system. For example, natural killer-derived EVs (NK-EVs) show their cytotoxic activity only on activated, but not resting cells [ 129 ]. The suppressive effect of EVs is important during pregnancy, as the pro-inflammatory state can be harmful.…”

Section: Biology Of Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles: Insights into Biology, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Applications for Drug Delivery

Al-Jipouri,

Eritja,

Bozic

2023

IJMS

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released from various cell types that have emerged as powerful new therapeutic option for a variety of diseases. EVs are involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells and in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, highlighting them as potential novel targets/platforms for therapeutics intervention and/or delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate new aspects of EVs’ biogenesis, biodistribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as safety/compatibility of both unmodified and engineered EVs upon administration in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of essential physiological and pathological roles of EVs in different organs and organ systems. We provide an overview regarding application of EVs as therapeutic targets, therapeutics, and drug delivery platforms. We also explore various approaches implemented over the years to improve the dosage of specific EV products for different administration routes.

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A Smart DNA Hydrogel Enables Synergistic Immunotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma

Yang,

Wu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

3

0

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Immunotherapy faces insufficient immune activation and limited immune effectiveness. Herein, we report a smart DNA hydrogel that enables the release of multivalent functional units at the tumor site to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. The smart DNA hydrogel was assembled from two types of ultra‐long DNA chains synthesized via rolling circle amplification. One DNA chain contained immune adjuvant CpG oligonucleotides and polyaptamers for loading natural killer cell‐derived exosomes; the other chain contained multivalent G‐quadruplex for loading photodynamic agents. DNA chains formed DNA hydrogel through base‐pairing. HhaI restriction endonuclease sites were designed between functional units. Upon stimuli in the tumor sites, the hydrogel was effectively cleaved by the released HhaI and disassembled into functional units. Natural killer cell‐derived exosomes played an antitumor role, and the CpG oligonucleotide activated antigenpresenting cells to enhance the immunotherapy. Besides the tumorkilling effect of photodynamic therapy, the generated cellular debris acted as an immune antigen to further enhance the immunotherapeutic effect. In a mouse melanoma orthotopic model, the smart DNA hydrogel as a localized therapeutic agent, achieved a remarkable tumor suppression rate of 91.2%. The smart DNA hydrogel exhibited enhanced efficacy of synergistic immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy, expanding the application of DNA materials in biomedicine.

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A Smart DNA Hydrogel Enables Synergistic Immunotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma

Yang,

Wu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Angew Chem Int Ed

10

0

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Immunotherapy faces insufficient immune activation and limited immune effectiveness. Herein, we report a smart DNA hydrogel that enables the release of multivalent functional units at the tumor site to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. The smart DNA hydrogel was assembled from two types of ultra‐long DNA chains synthesized via rolling circle amplification. One DNA chain contained immune adjuvant CpG oligonucleotides and polyaptamers for loading natural killer cell‐derived exosomes; the other chain contained multivalent G‐quadruplex for loading photodynamic agents. DNA chains formed DNA hydrogel through base‐pairing. HhaI restriction endonuclease sites were designed between functional units. Upon stimuli in the tumor sites, the hydrogel was effectively cleaved by the released HhaI and disassembled into functional units. Natural killer cell‐derived exosomes played an antitumor role, and the CpG oligonucleotide activated antigenpresenting cells to enhance the immunotherapy. Besides the tumorkilling effect of photodynamic therapy, the generated cellular debris acted as an immune antigen to further enhance the immunotherapeutic effect. In a mouse melanoma orthotopic model, the smart DNA hydrogel as a localized therapeutic agent, achieved a remarkable tumor suppression rate of 91.2%. The smart DNA hydrogel exhibited enhanced efficacy of synergistic immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy, expanding the application of DNA materials in biomedicine.

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Natural killer cell-derived exosomes for cancer immunotherapy: innovative therapeutics art

Cited by 16 publications

References 155 publications

Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles: Insights into Biology, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Applications for Drug Delivery

Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles: Insights into Biology, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Applications for Drug Delivery

A Smart DNA Hydrogel Enables Synergistic Immunotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma

A Smart DNA Hydrogel Enables Synergistic Immunotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma

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