Natural Products-Based Metallic Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agents

Abstract

Natural products offer a wide range of bioactivity including antimicrobial properties. There are many reports showing the antimicrobial activities of phytochem icals from plants. However, the bioactivity is limited due to multidrug resistant properties of the microorganism and different composition of cell membrane. The antibacterial activity of the natural products is different toward Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These phenomena are caused by improper physicochemical conditions of the substance which hinder the phytochemical bioactivity against the broad range of bacteria. One of the strategies to improve the antimicrobial action is by biogenic synthesis via redox balance of the antimicrobial active substance with metal to form nanosized materials or nanoparticles (NPs). Antibiotic resistance is not relevant to NPs because the action of NPs is via direct contact with bacterial cell walls without the need of penetration into microbial cells. The NPs that have shown their effectiveness in preventing or overcoming biofilm formation such as silver-based nanoparticles (AgNPs), gold-based nanoparticles (AuNPs), platinum-based nanoparticles (PtNPs) and Zinc oxide-based nanoparticles (ZnONPs). Due to its considerably simple synthesis procedure has encouraged researchers to explore antimicrobial potency of metallic nanoparticles. Those metallic nanoparticles remarkably express synergistic effects against the microorganisms tested by affecting bacterial redox balance, thus disrupting their homeostasis. In this paper, we discuss the type of metallic nanoparticle which have been used to improve the antimicrobial activity of plant extract/constituents, preparation or synthesis process and characterisation of the plant-based metallic nanoparticles.

A Potential Strategy against Clinical Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Antimicrobial Activity Study of Sweetener-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles in Vitro and in Vivo

“…They employ distinct mechanisms from traditional antibiotics, either individually or in combination, to eliminate bacteria [74] . These mechanisms are also less prone to resistance development [75] .…”

AMP-Mimetic Antimicrobial Polymer-Involved Synergic Therapy with Various Coagents for Improved Efficiency

“…113 In recent years, metallic NPs, such as silver, gold, iron, and others, have been widely used in antimicrobial therapy. 114,115 To yield a more potent antimicrobial effect, AMP-mimetic polymers were used to combine with metallic NPs to address the intractability of bacteria (Table 4).…”

“…The antimicrobial mechanism of metal nanomaterials is a combination of bacteria membrane disruption, ROS generation, cellular components interference, and metal ion release . In recent years, metallic NPs, such as silver, gold, iron, and others, have been widely used in antimicrobial therapy. , To yield a more potent antimicrobial effect, AMP-mimetic polymers were used to combine with metallic NPs to address the intractability of bacteria (Table ).…”

Silver nanoparticles biogenically synthesised using Maclurodendron porteri extract and their bioactivities

“…Therefore, it is necessary to establish cost-effective methods for the synthesis of therapeutic agents that can overcome the problems mentioned above. Nowadays, metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are frequently studied due to their numerous uses in biotechnology and have been proven effective for combating microbial and chemotherapy resistance [ 3 , 4 ].…”