Natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (SPF) from tengkawang butter and lignin

Darmawan, Muhammad Arif; Ramadhani, Nurul Hikmah; Hubeis, Nadhira Alifa; Ramadhan, Muhammad Yusuf Arya; Sahlan, Muhamad; Abd‐Aziz, Suraini; Gozan, Misri

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114466

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Tabir surya dari bahan sintetis misalnya titanium dioksida (TiO 2 ) (Ollengo & Nthiga, 2021), oksibenzon, asam benzoate amino, padimat, dan lain sebagainya (Mansuri et al, 2021). Tabir surya dari bahan alami dapat berasal dari senyawa golongan likopen, fenol, asam sinamat, asam miristat (Darmawan et al, 2022), dan lignin (Piccinino et al, 2021).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

NILAI SUN PROTECTION FACTOR EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN RAMBUTAN (Nephelium lappaceum) DENGAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI

Na'ima

2022

biogenesis

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Penelitian pencarian agen tabir surya alami terus dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan agen tabir surya yang lebih aman. Tabir surya diperlukan untuk melindungi kulit dari bahaya sinar ultraviolet (UV). Sinar UV dapat bermanfaat bagi tubuh, namun menjadi berbahaya jika berlebih. Kemampuan suatu bahan dalam melindungi dari bahaya sinar UV biasa dinyatakan dalam sun protection factor (SPF). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai SPF ekstrak metanol daun rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum). Penelitian ini nantinya dapat digunakan untuk menambah wawasan mengenai potensi daun rambutan untuk digunakan sebagai agen tabir surya alami. Proses ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut metanol. Pengukuran nilai SPF dilakukan secara in vitro menggunakan metode spektrofotometri kemudian nilai absorbansi yang diperoleh dihitung menggunakan persamaan Mansur. Proses ekstraksi menghasilkan ekstrak pasta hitam kehijauan beraroma khas daun. Ekstrak metanol daun rambutan dengan konsentrasi 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, dan 1000 ppm memiliki kemampuan proteksi terhadap sinar UV, dinyatakan dalam nilai SPF berturut-turut sebesar 5,710; 10,398; 16,320; 20,920; 26,152; dan 37,983. Hasil yang berbeda dari tanaman yang sama dapat terjadi dikarenakan pengambilan bagian tubuh tanaman yang berbeda untuk diekstrak serta penggunaan jenis pelarut organik yang berbeda untuk proses ekstraksinya. Dalam penelitian ini, ekstrak metanol daun rambutan pada konsentrasi 100 dan 200 ppm memiliki kemampuan proteksi minimal, konsentrasi ekstrak 300-500 ppm memiliki kemampuan proteksi sedang, sedangkan konsentrasi ekstrak 1000 ppm memiliki kemampuan proteksi tinggi

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

NILAI SUN PROTECTION FACTOR EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN RAMBUTAN (Nephelium lappaceum) DENGAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI

Na'ima

2022

biogenesis

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“…It would be an innovative approach to exploit the UV-barring properties in these natural molecules to develop herbal cosmeceuticals. For example, Darmawan et al [16] showed that a mixture of tengkawang butter and lignin could provide effective UV protection and the natural sunscreen formulations with high SPF can be prepared. Similarly, there are several reports on preparation of natural sunscreen formulations using lignin, silymarin and other phenolic compounds without the addition of any physical or chemical UV-filters [17;18] Therefore, the present study focused on the preparation of sunscreen formulations from leaf extracts makes a significant contribution to this contemporary concept of -green cosmetics‖.…”

Section: Determination Of Photostabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of herbal sunscreen formulations from the leaves of Sri Lankan medicinal plants, <em>Hibiscus furcatus</em> wild. and <em>Olax zeylanica</em> Linn

Liyanaarachchi

Napagoda

Malkanthi

et al. 2022

J. Sc.

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Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the sunlight has many deleterious consequences on human skin. In order to alleviate these harmful effects, sunscreen formulations are widely used. Although most of these synthetic sunscreens are highly effective, the adverse effects associated with these products should not be neglected. The current trend, therefore, is to explore natural sources to develop novel sunscreen formulations that are efficacious and more human-friendly. This study was conducted to formulate herbal sunscreens using two Sri Lankan medicinal plants used as remedies for dermatological conditions, hibiscus furcatus wild (nabiriththa) and olax zeylanica linn. (mella) and to evaluate their efficacy. Initially, aqueous-methanolic extracts were prepared from the leaves of the two plants, followed by the preparation of sunscreen formulations from each extract by incorporating different concentrations of the extracts into an aqueous cream base. Thereafter, the uv absorbance and sun protection factor (spf) were obtained. The sunscreen formulations containing 75% of each extract displayed high UV absorbance and the highest spf values. The photostability profiles indicated that some formulations prepared from o. zeyalnica were more effective than the formulations developed from h. furcatus. Therefore, this preliminary study demonstrated the suitability of h. furcatus and o. zeylanica extracts towards the development of commercial herbal sunscreens.

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“…Nonetheless, both unmodified and physically, chemically, or biologically modified kraft lignin has immense potential as a renewable source for petrochemical substitutes . Current applications for lignin include nanocarriers, wood preservatives, carbon fibers, rubber fillers, , binders, and cosmetics . The biggest challenge to technical lignin utilization is the inhomogeneity in chemical structure and analytical properties between lignin sources, which dictates their use in various applications .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Current applications for lignin include nano-carriers, 6 wood preservatives, 7 carbon fibers, 8 rubber fillers, 9,10 binders, 11 and cosmetics. 12 The biggest challenge to technical lignin utilization is the inhomogeneity in chemical structure and analytical properties between lignin sources, which dictates their use in various applications. 13 Technical lignin heterogeneity arises from variation based on the source species, growth environment, biomass component utilized (e.g., sapwood vs. heartwood in trees and stalks versus cobs in corn stover), variabilities in industrial delignification processes and conditions, and subsequent purification technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Nanoparticle Morphology Depends on Polymer Properties and Solvent Composition: an Experimental and Computational Study

Ela

Raza

Heiden

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Kraft lignin is an underutilized sideproduct from the pulp and paper industry that can be used as a feedstock for various bio-based products. In particular, microstructured lignin particles are used as functionalized materials in applications such as the controlled release of active substances and the absorption of contaminants and as polymer additives. Gaps in our understanding of lignin molecular interactions and morphology in various solvents limit our ability to tailor processes to produce particles with desired properties. We empirically demonstrate that the dispersity and aqueous phase polarizability influence lignin polymer chain conformation and thus the resulting nanoparticle morphology. Our complementary experimental and computational studies investigate lignin dynamics and indicate that a high molar mass polymer with a low polydispersity index, which contains numerous aromatic structures, will aggregate via hydrophobic interactions and form compact globules in an aqueous environment. Even in the presence of a sacrificial negatively charged surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate, electronic interactions of aromatic units predominate, resulting in a compact globule after the surfactant is removed. Additionally, the number of inter-lignin contacts, solvent−polymer hydrogen bonds, and radius of gyration for a high molar mass, low polydispersity index lignin polymer remained almost constant in water and in the mixed (water/ethanol) solvent system containing the surfactant. We also report dendritic lignin nanoparticles obtained experimentally from low molar mass, high polydispersity index lignin, in a water/ethanol mixed aqueous phase. Molecular simulation results suggest that the intermolecular forces driving this morphology are stable inter-lignin contacts over time and enhanced lignin-solvent hydrogen bonding in the mixed solvent. Our results demonstrate the controlled behavior of lignin nanoparticle morphologies in aqueous solvents. This work contributes toward establishing property−performance correlations for lignin and advances knowledge for the synthesis of shape-specific lignin nanoparticles.

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Natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (SPF) from tengkawang butter and lignin

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

NILAI SUN PROTECTION FACTOR EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN RAMBUTAN (Nephelium lappaceum) DENGAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI

NILAI SUN PROTECTION FACTOR EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN RAMBUTAN (Nephelium lappaceum) DENGAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI

Development of herbal sunscreen formulations from the leaves of Sri Lankan medicinal plants, <em>Hibiscus furcatus</em> wild. and <em>Olax zeylanica</em> Linn

Lignin Nanoparticle Morphology Depends on Polymer Properties and Solvent Composition: an Experimental and Computational Study

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