Nature driven spider silk as high energy conversion efficient bio-piezoelectric nanogenerator

Nature Driven Bio‐Piezoelectric/Triboelectric Nanogenerator as Next‐Generation Green Energy Harvester for Smart and Pollution Free Society

“…[81][82][83] They are full of collagen based materials which produce the piezoelectric potential during the external applied force. [67,86,87] Duchesne et al [88,89] and Polonsky et al [90] first found inherent piezoelectric property in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). [63] In general, the molecular crystal deformation of the bio-piezoelectric materials is observed upon applying external mechanical force on the material which is the possible working principle of the biobased materials behind generating electricity.…”

“…This kind of extraordinary nature may be observed due to complex structure of natural SS containing α-helix structure, order and less ordered β-sheet crystal, various ordered microfibrils, carbonyl groups, amino and hydroxyl groups in its backbone. [86] Further, amino acid enriched bio-based materials contains highly ordered alignment of asymmetric carbon atom associated with internal rotation of polar atomic groups in its moiety, that also play big role to show piezoelectric and ferroelectric behavior of the materials. Inbuilt piezoelectric phenomena inside SS may arise due to the synergistic effect of the electro activity.…”

“…FSM shows high piezoelectric coefficient of d 33 ≈ 22 pC N −1 , measured by piezoelectric d 33 meter (PM-300) and a converse piezoelectric coefficient of g 33 = d 33 /ε r ε 0 = 0.028 V m N −1 . [86] The obtained P r value (≈0.45 µC cm −2 ) from the [81] Copyright 2017, AIP Publishing. [121] Recently, spider silk fiber was first time proved as a piezoelectric/ferroelectric material with vertical piezoelectric coefficient.…”

“…[86] The obtained P r value (≈0.45 µC cm −2 ) from the [81] Copyright 2017, AIP Publishing. [86] Copyright 2018, Elsevier. c,d) Reproduced with permission.…”

“…Collagen fibers and amino proteins enriched eggshell membrane (ESM) also introduced as an effective piezoelectric material. [127] The variation of dielectric constant [86] Copyright 2018, Elsevier. The obtained remnant polarization (P r ) value without electrical poling was ≈0.46 µC cm −2 , confirming its piezoelectric and ferroelectric nature.…”