Nautilus: A Tool For Modeling Fluid Plasmas

Loverich, John; Zhou, Sean; Beckwith, Kris; Kundrapu, Madhusudhan; Loh, M. M. H.; Mahalingam, Sudhakar; Stoltz, Peter; Hakim, Ammar

doi:10.2514/6.2013-1185

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…II are solved using a generalized unstructured grid finite volume solver, USim [18][19][20]. Though multi-fluid electromagnetic solvers have been developed throughout the years by several researchers [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], the present solver is the first solver using an unstructured formulation and running on an unstructured grid [19] as prior codes were based on multi-block logically Cartesian grids. The flux reconstruction on the cell faces is carried out using second order accurate Monotonic Upstream-Centered Scheme for Conservation Laws (MUSCL) [31].…”

Section: E Solution Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first term on the RHS of Eq. (19) represents the electric and magnetic Lorentz forces. The third term is the net momentum exchange with the remaining fluids in the system.…”

Section: Draft Copy For Aiaa Journal Of Spacecraft and Rocketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(14)-(17) and(19)-(20) are solved in one-dimension to propagate an EM wave in a neutral fluid and a plasma slab. The advection, diffusion and collision terms are neglected for ion and electron fluids.…”

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confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Modeling Radio Communication Blackout and Blackout Mitigation in Hypersonic Vehicles

Kundrapu¹,

Loverich²,

Beckwith³

et al. 2015

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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A procedure for the modeling and analysis of radio communication blackout of hypersonic vehicles is presented. The weakly ionized plasma generated around the surface of a hypersonic reentry vehicle is simulated using full Navier-Stokes equations in multi-species single fluid form. A seven species air chemistry model is used to compute the individual species densities in air including ionization -plasma densities are compared with experiment. The electromagnetic wave's interaction with the plasma layer is modeled using multi-fluid equations for fluid transport and full Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic fields. The multi-fluid solver is verified for a whistler wave propagating through a slab. First principles radio communication blackout over a hypersonic vehicle is demonstrated along with a simple blackout mitigation scheme using a magnetic window. Draft copy for AIAA Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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Section: E Solution Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first term on the RHS of Eq. (19) represents the electric and magnetic Lorentz forces. The third term is the net momentum exchange with the remaining fluids in the system.…”

Section: Draft Copy For Aiaa Journal Of Spacecraft and Rocketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modeling Radio Communication Blackout and Blackout Mitigation in Hypersonic Vehicles

Kundrapu¹,

Loverich²,

Beckwith³

et al. 2015

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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“…We treat the electrons as one fluid and the ions of each jet as a second and third fluid, respectively, thus allowing for interpenetration between the two jets. Simulations were performed using the USim code (formerly called Nautilus) [42,43]. Algorithms on which USim is based have been verified against shock-relevant problems [44,45].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Characterization of the Stagnation Layer between Two Obliquely Merging Supersonic Plasma Jets

Merritt

Hsu

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We present spatially resolved measurements characterizing the stagnation layer between two obliquely merging supersonic plasma jets. Intra-jet collisionality is very high (λii ≪ 1 mm), but the inter-jet ion-ion mean free paths are on the same order as the stagnation layer thickness (a few cm). Fast-framing camera images show a double-peaked emission profile transverse to the stagnation layer, with the central emission dip consistent with a density dip observed in the interferometer data. We demonstrate that our observations are consistent with collisional oblique shocks.Colliding plasmas have been studied in a variety of contexts, e.g., counterstreaming laser-produced plasmas supporting hohlraum design for indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion [1][2][3], forming and studying astrophysically relevant shocks [4][5][6][7][8], and for applications such as pulsed laser deposition [9] and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy [10]. Physics issues arising in these studies include plasma interpenetration [11][12][13][14][15][16], shock formation [17], and the formation and dynamics of a stagnation layer [18][19][20]. In this work, we present experimental results on two obliquely merging supersonic plasma jets, which are in a different and more collisional parameter regime than many of the colliding plasma examples mentioned above. Ours and other recent jet-merging experiments [21,22] were conducted to explore the feasibility of forming imploding spherical plasma liners via an array of merging plasma jets [23][24][25][26][27], which could have applications in forming cm-, µs-, and Mbar-scale plasmas for fundamental high-energy-density-physics studies [28] and as a standoff driver for magnetoinertial fusion [23,[29][30][31][32]. Prior experiments studying the stagnation layer between colliding laser-produced or wire-array z-pinch [33] plasmas were on smaller spatial scales (mm or smaller) that could not be fully resolved by measurements. New results in the present work are the experimental identification and characterization of a few-cm thick stagnation layer between colliding plasmas, and the demonstration that our observations are consistent with hydrodynamic oblique shock theory [34].Experiments reported here are conducted on the Plasma Liner Experiment (PLX) [35], in which two supersonic argon plasma jets are formed and launched by plasma railguns [36]. Plasma jet parameters at the exit of the railgun nozzle (peak n e ≈ 2 × 10 16 cm −3 , peak T e ≈ 1.4 eV, V jet ≈ 30 km/s, Mach number M ≡ V jet /C s,jet ≈ 14, diameter = 5 cm, and length ≈ 20 cm) and their evolution during subsequent jet propagation have been characterized in detail [35]. The jet magnetic field inside the railgun is ∼3 T, but the classical magnetic diffusion time is a few µs [35], and thus • apart, two merging plasma jets, R-Z coordinates used in the paper, approximate interferometer/spectrometer linesof-sight (Z ≈ 84 cm), and CCD camera field-of-view.we ignore the effects of a magnetic field by the time of jet merging (> 20 µs). Experimental data ...

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“…The simulations were performed using the fluid-plasma multiphysics simulation tool, USim. [7], [8], [9] II. BLACKOUT SIMULATION MODELS…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro magnetic wave propagation in the plasma layer of a reentry vehicle

Kundrapu¹,

Loverich²,

Beckwith³

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE 41st International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS) Held With 2014 IEEE International Conference on High-Power P

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Abstract-The ability to simulate a reentry vehicle plasma layer and the radio wave interaction with that layer, is crucial to the design of aerospace vehicles when the analysis of radio communication blackout is required. Results of aerothermal heating, plasma generation and electromagnetic wave propagation over a reentry vehicle are presented in this paper. Simulation of a magnetic window radio communication blackout mitigation method is successfully demonstrated.

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Nautilus: A Tool For Modeling Fluid Plasmas

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Modeling Radio Communication Blackout and Blackout Mitigation in Hypersonic Vehicles

Modeling Radio Communication Blackout and Blackout Mitigation in Hypersonic Vehicles

Experimental Characterization of the Stagnation Layer between Two Obliquely Merging Supersonic Plasma Jets

Electro magnetic wave propagation in the plasma layer of a reentry vehicle

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