Navigating a Minefield

Abstract

Teen mothers have lower rates of breastfeeding duration and exclusivity than older mothers. A growing body of qualitative research on teen mothers' experience helps to explain these disparities. Following a systematic search to identify relevant research, we synthesized the findings from 22 primary studies to conclude that teen mothers navigate a minefield that undermines their intention to breastfeed and their breastfeeding confidence and skill. This metaphorical minefield reflects competing norms for infant feeding and good mothering, as evident in mixed support from teens' social networks; fragmented and stigmatizing healthcare; and spaces that are inhospitable to teen mothers and breastfeeding mothers in general. In recognition of this minefield, we urge clinicians to: respect teen mothers' infant feeding decisions; develop collaborative relationships based on the principles of patient-centered and strength-based care; challenge stigmatizing healthcare practices; welcome teen mothers and their significant others to clinical settings; and press health systems to fully implement probreastfeeding policies. We also recommend further study to extend our knowledge about teen mothers' breastfeeding experiences.

Breastfeeding challenges among adolescent mothers: a phenomenological study at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana

“…Some studies have documented the fact that adolescent mothers are confronted with numerous challenges regarding breast feeding. 23 24 …”

“…Despite several mothers receiving basic breastfeeding education from childbirth class, others reported a lack of adequate information on the challenges of breast feeding and without the requisite skills needed to sustain breast feeding. 23 Their lack of knowledge on infant care such as breast feeding increased their reliance on others, including healthcare providers.…”

“…Similarly, some studies have demonstrated the association between painful nipples and the number of times mothers breastfeed and they advised that it is crucial for a health professional to assist in the prevention and management of common difficulties during breast feeding such as nipple pain, breast engorgement, breast infections and low milk production to improve on the effectiveness and frequency of breast feeding. 23 25 …”

“… 38 Understanding of adolescent mothers on the importance of breast feeding both to the infant and mother will motivate them to breastfeed their babies. 23 39 It could be said that with interventions such as education and counselling, embarrassment and shame could be reduced among mothers who feed their infants in public and particularly adolescent mothers.…”