Nd:YAG Laser Welding for Photonics Devices Packaging

Transient Thermal Modeling in Laser Welding of Metallic/Nonmetallic Joints Using <i>SolidWorks</i><sup>®</sup> Software

“…The results by study [35] can be further be confirmed by the spot welding model developed by Nawi et al [38] represented by Equation 6. The relationship between the laser spot radius, peak power and depth of penetration according to the numerical model developed by [38] showed that the depth of penetration exhibits an indirect relationship with the laser spot radius-the increase in laser radius decreases the depth of penetration as reported by study [35].…”

“…The highest depth of penetration and bead width were observed at the highest laser power of 35 W for the 1-mm thick AISI 304 steel [34]. Depth of penetration is an important parameter in laser welding since it determines the shear strength as well as the quality of the joint [34] [38]. Determination of the depth penetration of laser is experimentally difficult and therefore numerical methods are frequently used.…”

“…Equation (2) describes the laser beam penetration depth for a spot weld. Using this theoretical model, [38] developed the relationship among laser depth, peak power and pulse duration and laser radius. It was shown that changes in the peak power and pulse duration result to similar change in the depth of penetration of the laser.…”

“…One-dimensional numerical model for investigation of the depth of penetration of laser during laser welding has been developed based on conduction of heat theory and energy balance equations [38]. Using the energy balance equation at the laser focus point, [38] developed a numerical model to estimate the depth of penetration, l, as illustrated by the Equation (5) below.…”

“…Using the energy balance equation at the laser focus point, [38] developed a numerical model to estimate the depth of penetration, l, as illustrated by the Equation (5) below.…”