NDT Transportation

Saarenketo, Timo

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53348-7.00013-2

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…GPR is increasingly being used as a non‐destructive testing method and subsurface imaging technique for the evaluation of structural integrity, geometry, configuration and physical properties of industrial transportation and civil infrastructure resources (Saarenketo ), geological features and archaeology at cultural heritage structures (Pérez‐Grarcia et al . ; Santos‐Assunçao et al .…”

Section: Gpr and Laser‐scan Acquisition And Processing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GPR is increasingly being used as a non-destructive testing method and subsurface imaging technique for the evaluation of structural integrity, geometry, configuration and physical properties of industrial transportation and civil infrastructure resources (Saarenketo 2009), geological features and archaeology at cultural heritage structures (Pérez-Grarcia et al 2013;Santos-Assunçao et al 2014;Ranieri et al 2016). Numerous recent studies, however, have used terrestrial laser scan (TLS) and photogrammetry techniques at archaeological and architectural heritage sites to aid documentation, assessment, modelling, monitoring, management and preservation planning (El-Hakim et al 2007;Pavlidis et al 2007;Alkheder, Al-shawabkh and Haala 2009;Domingo et al 2013;Núñez, Buill and Edo 2013;Tapete et al 2013;Yang, Xu and Neumann 2014;Castellazzi et al 2015;Constanzo et al 2015;Hakonen, Kuusela and Okkonen 2015;Jaklič et al 2015;Plisson and Zotkina 2015; Altunas, Yildiz and Scaioni 2016 -amongst many others), but less frequently in conjunction with other near-surface geophysical data (Entwistle, MCCaffrey and Abrahams 2009;Lubowiecka et al, 2009Lubowiecka et al, , 2011Rogers 2014;Watters and Wilkes 2014).…”

Section: G P R a N D L A S E R -S C A N A C Q U I S I T I O N A N D Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fate of the historic fortifications at Alcatraz island based on terrestrial laser scans and ground‐penetrating radar interpretations from the recreation yard

Smet

Everett

Warden

et al. 2019

Near Surface Geophysics

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Alcatraz Island National Historic Landmark is best known as a former high‐security federal penitentiary that once housed many of the United States most notorious gangsters. Today, it is a popular tourist destination adjacent to the Golden Gate Bridge in scenic San Francisco Bay. Alcatraz is less known in its former military role as a 19th‐century coastal fortification protecting the interests of a rapidly westward‐expanding nation during the turbulent era of Manifest Destiny, the 1849 Gold Rush and the Civil War. The fortification, with its underground ammunition magazines and tunnels, is important from a military history perspective, marking the transition to earthen structures from the traditional brick and masonry constructions that characterized earlier 19th‐century coastal defences. In this paper, geophysical interpretations based upon an attribute analysis of ground‐penetrating radar data are combined with terrestrial laser scans, georectifications based on historical documents, maps and photographs to develop an iterative model for locating and determining the extent and integrity of subsurface historical architectural remains beneath the former recreation yard of the Alcatraz penitentiary. Using this approach, remnants of buried structures including a ‘bombproof’ earthwork traverse and its underlying vaulted brick masonry tunnel and ventilation ducts were discovered to run east‐west beneath the recreation yard. This integrative and iterative process permits accurate spatial identification of these and other 19th‐century architectural structures depicted in historical documents. This approach can be applied to subsurface investigations at other important cultural landmarks worldwide.

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Section: Gpr and Laser‐scan Acquisition And Processing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: G P R a N D L A S E R -S C A N A C Q U I S I T I O N A N D Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate of the historic fortifications at Alcatraz island based on terrestrial laser scans and ground‐penetrating radar interpretations from the recreation yard

Smet

Everett

Warden

et al. 2019

Near Surface Geophysics

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“…This information is then used for an assortment of applications in subsurface EM sensing including rebar detection, thickness measurements, or identification of voids and cracks. [9][10][11] Radar technology is not just limited to GPR. Developments of a wideband subsurface imaging radar for the distant inspection of civil infrastructures have also been recently reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing and ranging criteria for SAR images of steel and wood specimens

Twumasi

et al. 2016

SPIE Proceedings

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The use of microwave and radar sensors in the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of damaged materials and structures has been proven to be a promising approach. In this paper, a portable imaging radar sensor utilizing 10 GHz central frequency and stripmap synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging was applied to steel and wood specimens for size and range determination. Relationships between range and properties of SAR images (e.g. maximum amplitude and total SAR amplitude) were developed and reported for various specimens including a steel bar (2.5 cm by 2.5 cm by 28.5 cm), a wood bar (2.5 cm by 2.5 cm by 28.5 cm), a steel plate (39.7 cm by 57.9 cm by 1.75 cm), and a wood board (30.5 cm by 30.5 cm by 1.8 cm). Various ranges from 30 cm to 100 cm were used on these specimens. In our experiment, attenuation of radar signals collected by the imaging radar system on different material specimens was measured and modeled. Change in the attenuation of maximum SAR amplitude was observed in different materials. It is found that SAR images can be used to distinguish materials of different compositions and sizes.

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“…A common way of doing this calibration in Finland is to drill a core and then correlate the measured air void content to the measured ε 0 r of the pavement (Roimela, 1998;Saarenketo, 2009). It has been also suggested that only one or two cores are needed to do this calibration (Saarenketo and Scullion, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representative volume element of asphalt pavement for electromagnetic measurements

Pellinen

Huuskonen-Snicker

Eskelinen

et al. 2015

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edit

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a b s t r a c tThe motivation for this study was to investigate the representative volume element (RVE) needed to correlate the nondestructive electromagnetic (EM) measurements with the conventional destructive asphalt pavement quality control measurements. A large pavement rehabilitation contract was used as the test site for the experiment. Pavement cores were drilled from the same locations where the stationary and continuous Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) measurements were obtained. Laboratory measurements included testing the bulk density of cores using two methods, the surface-saturated dry method and determining bulk density by dimensions. Also, Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and the through specimen transmission configuration were employed at microwave frequencies to measure the reference dielectric constant of cores using two different footprint areas and therefore volume elements. The RVE for EM measurements turns out to be frequency dependent; therefore in addition to being dependent on asphalt mixture type and method of obtaining bulk density, it is dependent on the resolution of the EM method used. Then, although the average bulk property results agreed with theoretical formulations of higher core air void content giving a lower dielectric constant, for the individual cores there was no correlation for the VNA measurements because the volume element seizes deviated.Similarly, GPR technique was unable to capture the spatial variation of pavement air voids measured from the 150-mm drill cores. More research is needed to determine the usable RVE for asphalt. © 2015 Periodical Offices of Chang'an University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Owner. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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NDT Transportation

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

The fate of the historic fortifications at Alcatraz island based on terrestrial laser scans and ground‐penetrating radar interpretations from the recreation yard

The fate of the historic fortifications at Alcatraz island based on terrestrial laser scans and ground‐penetrating radar interpretations from the recreation yard

Sizing and ranging criteria for SAR images of steel and wood specimens

Representative volume element of asphalt pavement for electromagnetic measurements

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