Neanderthal infant burial

Akazawa, Takeru; Muhesen, Sultan; Dodo, Yukio; Kondo, Osamu; Mizoguchi, Yuji

doi:10.1038/377585a0

Cited by 66 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Excavations at Dederiyeh began in 1993 and have identified 15 MP levels. The remains of two juvenile Neandertals have been reported from Dederiyeh Levels 3 and 11 (Akazawa and Muhesen, 2003;Akazawa et al, 1995aAkazawa et al, , 1999. The lithic assemblages have not yet been fully described.…”

Section: Dederiyehmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sites include Yabrud Shelter 1 (Rust, 1950;Solecki and Solecki, 1986), Douara Cave (Akazawa and Sakaguchi, 1987), Jerf Ajla (Coon, 1957;Julig et al, 1999;Richter et al, 2001;Schroeder, 1969), and Dederiyeh Cave (Akazawa and Muhesen, 2003;Akazawa et al, 1995aAkazawa et al, ,b, 1999 as well as the Umm el Tlel open-air site complex (Boëda et al, 2001;Boëda and Muhesen, 1993). On the Golan Heights, a shallow, but rich deposit of lithics and faunal remains has been excavated along the southern shore of Biqat Quneitra (Goren-Inbar, 1990b).…”

Section: Geographic Distribution Of Mp Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Middle Paleolithic of the East Mediterranean Levant

Shea

2003

Journal of World Prehistory

151

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Section: Dederiyehmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geographic Distribution Of Mp Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Middle Paleolithic of the East Mediterranean Levant

Shea

2003

Journal of World Prehistory

151

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“…To support his claim, Mithen pointed to evidence that brain development in Neanderthals, based on a discrepancy between rate of dental and cranial development (Akazawa, Muhesen, Dodo, Kondo, & Mizouguchi, 1995;Zollikofer, Ponce de Le6n, Martin, & Stucki, 1995;Stringer, Dean, & Martin, 1990; but see Trinkaus & Tompkins, 1990, for an alternative interpretation), was much faster than in modem humans.…”

Section: The Slow Rate Of Growing Up: Consequence To Human Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of immaturity in human development.

Bjorklund¹

1997

Psychological Bulletin

316

186

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The possibility that infants' and young children's immature behaviors and cognitions are sometimes adaptive is explored and interpreted in terms of evolutionary theory. It is argued that developmental immaturity had an adaptive role in evolution and continues to have an adaptive role in human development. The role of developmental retardation in human evolution is discussed, followed by an examination of the relation between humans' extended childhood and brain plasticity. Behavioral neoteny, as exemplified by play, is examined, as are some potentially adaptive aspects of infants' perception and cognition that limit the amount of information they can process. Aspects of immature cognition during early childhood that may have some contemporaneous adaptive value are also discussed. It is proposed that viewing immaturity as sometimes adaptive to the developing child alters how children and their development are viewed.Nature wants children to be children before they are men. If we deliberately depart from this order, we shall get premature fruits which are neither ripe nor well flavored and which soon decay. We shall have youthful sages and grown up children. Childhood has ways of seeing, thinking, and feeling, peculiar to itself; nothing can be more foolish than to substitute our ways for them.-Jean Jacques RousseauPeople understandably tend to see development as being progressive: from immature and inefficient structures and functions to mature and efficient ones. Early, immature forms are seen as "unfinished" and incomplete versions of the adult; the child is a "work in progress." From this viewpoint, immaturity is a necessary evil, something that people must get through on their way to adulthood, where the "real show of humanity emerges on stage" (L. Thomas, 1993, p. 175). This is not an unreasonable view. A prolonged period of youth is necessary for humans. Humans, more than any other species, must survive by their wits; human communities are more complex and diverse than those of any other species, and this requires that they have not only a flexible intelligence to learn the conventions of their societies but also a long time to learn them. But the species's physical and cognitive development need not progress synchronously. Their prolonged bodily development could in theory be accompanied by rapid cognitive and social development. This would result in a physically dependent child who has the intellectual and social wherewithal to master the ways of the world.Portions of this article were presented at

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“…Dederiyeh 1 is the fossilized skeleton of a Neanderthal child unearthed by the joint Japan-Syria expedition team in 1993 from the Middle Paleolithic layer of Dederiyeh Cave, northern Syria (Akazawa et al, 1993(Akazawa et al, , 1995aAkazawa and Muhesen, 2003). The skeleton is exceptionally well preserved and nearly complete.…”

Section: The Dederiyeh 1 Neanderthal Childmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone histomorphology of the Dederiyeh Neanderthal child

Sawada

Kondo

Nara

et al. 2004

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To clarify bone formation and growth in Neanderthal children, we prepared a femoral midshaft cross-section of the Dederiyeh 1 Neanderthal child (ca. 2 years old) discovered in Syria, and compared its bone histomorphology with that of modern children aged 0-6 years. Bone histomorphometry was performed with regard to six parameters, i.e. cortical width, percent osteonal bone, osteon population density, non-Haversian canal population density, secondary osteon area, and Haversian canal area. Dederiyeh 1 had thick cortical bone similar to the mean of modern children aged 5-6 years, and advanced secondary bone formation, which was represented by greater percent osteonal bone and osteon population density than in 2-year-old modern children. However, primary bone configuration scarcely differed between Dederiyeh 1 and modern 1-to 2-year-olds. The histomorphology of the Dederiyeh 1 femur can be characterized as a complex of features seen in modern children at different ages, which suggests that cortical bone formation in Dederiyeh 1 was different from that in modern children. A variety of causes, such as mechanical loading, genetic control, and abnormal metabolism, are plausible, but it is not possible to determine which of these factors most affected bone formation in Dederiyeh 1.

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Neanderthal infant burial

Cited by 66 publications

References 9 publications

The Middle Paleolithic of the East Mediterranean Levant

The Middle Paleolithic of the East Mediterranean Levant

The role of immaturity in human development.

Bone histomorphology of the Dederiyeh Neanderthal child

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